Exam number 2 Flashcards
(89 cards)
What does it mean when we say children are at risk, and give some examples of conditions that put children at risk?
At risk- an infant or a child who has a high probability of exhibiting delays in development or developing a disability.
Examples:
harmful biological, environmental, or genetic conditions, low birth weight, exposure to toxins, child abuse or neglect, oxygen deprivation, extreme poverty, down syndrome or PKU.
Be able to give at least five examples of disability categories.
Physical disabilites, autism, deaf and blindness, mental retardation, Traumatic Brain Injury
At what age to we need to begin planning for transition in a child’s IEP?
16 years old
When was the bill PL94-142 signed & what are the six elements of this law?
1975;
FAPE, LRE, IEP, due process, nondiscrimintory assessment, parental participation
Name two significant elements of PL 99-457.
Preschooler services are now mandatory
Part H- offered incentives to serve infants and toddlers- voluntary; all states after sept. 30 1994 had plans to put this in place.
IFSP- individualized family service plan; must be developed 45 days after a family requested it.
Explain what due process means.
confidentiality, right to examine records, parents have the right. parents can receive written notice of their rights. right to legal counsel.
What is the difference between mainstreaming and inclusion?
Mainstreaming- an early term for the practice of integrating students with special needs into a general education classroom for all or part of the school day
inclusion- an interpretation of the principle of least restrictive environment advocating that all pupils with disabilities are to be educated in the general classroom
What might be some of the reasons that minority children are overrepresented in our special education classrooms?
poverty
What are the two elements of defining Mental retardation/intellectual disabilities
significant limitations in intellectual functioning, significant limitations in adaptive behavior,
1973 Definition: What is the IQ for MR in the 1973 definition?
The IQ score was 85, but it was lowered to 70 in 1973
Define adaptive behavior
is the collection of conceptional, social, and practical skills that are learned and performed by people in their everyday lives. Conceptual skills—language and literacy; money, time, and number concepts; and self-direction.
What was significant about the 2010 definition of Mental retardation?
Changed to Intellectual Disability
Why is labeling and placing someone in special education based on IQ testing, considered to be controversial?
Because it is based on testing and some people just do not test well. they could be very smart but just not test well.
According to 2010 Department of Education statistics, what percentage of the total school population are identified as intellectually disabled?
4.9%
in the past 30 years It has increased by 242%
List five different causes for intellectual disabilities.
Prenatal- smoking,drugs,alcohol.
Perinatal (during birth)- prolonged and difficult labor, loss of oxygen, premature birth rate, trauma by medical instruments.
Postnatal causes- strokes
genetic causes- hereditary
Environmental- low socoioeconic impact, malutrition, poor teaching/ bad instuction
What are some of the learning and behavioral characteristics of children with Intellectual disabilities?
lack of attention span, lack of memory, difficulties in academic performance, hard to generalize, lack of speech and language development
What is functional curriculum?
focus on skills that will help the student in the real world. being independent
What is task analysis?
teaching skills that help to teach a larger task
What disability category has the highest number of children diagnosed within that category?
Specific Learning disabilities
Why do you think that there are so many children diagnosed within this category?
because there are so many children that fall under the “umbrella”.
What are some prenatal and postnatal causes for learning disabilities?
Prenatal- smoking,drugs,alcohol.
Perinatal (during birth)- prolonged and difficult labor, loss of oxygen, premature birth rate, trauma by medical instruments.
Postnatal causes- strokes
True or False, do learning disabilities tend to run in families or tend to be genetic?
true
Compare the incidence of boys verses girls with learning disabilities.
boys tend to have a disability rather than girls
What are the four dimensions of behavior that are considered when defining behavioral disorders
frequency, intensity, duration of behavior, age appropiateness