Exam Q

Question 1

1) Weakness of the serratus anterior muscle is often indicative of a mononeuropathy involving which nerve?

Answer 1

Long thoracic nerve

Question 2

2) What is the most common neurological disease of the central nervous system affecting young people between the third to fifth decade?

Answer 2

Multiple sclerosis

Question 3

3) Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is an example of a what? (1)

Answer 3

Hereditary polyneuropathy

Question 4

4) Which of the following is the best description of papilledema? (1)
a. Anterior bulging of the eyeball.
b. Increased pupil size.
c. Swelling of the pupil into the cornea.
d. Swelling of the optic disc.

Answer 4

Swelling of the optic disc

Question 5

5) Which of the following sentences is correct with regards to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)? (1)
a. CTS is a mononeuropathy linked to the radial nerve and can cause weakness of the intrinsic hand muscles in the affected hand.
b. CTS is a mononeuropathy of the median nerve and can cause pain and numbness in the lateral hand and forearm of the affected hand.
c. CTS is a mononeuropathy linked to the median nerve and can cause weakness of the intrinsic hand muscles in the affected hand.
d. CTS is a mononeuropathy linked to the radial nerve and can cause pain and numbness in the lateral hand and forearm of the affected hand.

Answer 5

B

Question 6

6) Give two differences between a primary and secondary (metastatic) brain tumour? (2

Answer 6

Primary is focal whereas secondary is multi focal. Primary has less defined margins whereas secondary margins are more defined

Question 7

7) Name 2 of the 4 primary signs of Parkinson’s Disease. (2)

Answer 7

Shuffling gait
Tremour

Rigidity
Bradykinesia (slow movement)

Question 8

8) Explain what is meant by the term ‘primary headache’. (1)

Answer 8

Headache is the issue without any significant underlying neurological pathology

Secondary headache is secondary caused by another condition

Question 9

9) Describe the features of Motor Neuron Disease. Within your answer describe the etiology and clinical presentation signs and/or symptoms. (5)

Answer 9

20% caused by family history, otherwise unknown cause
Mc 55-70
Familiar 40-50

M>F until after menopause

Loss of voluntary motor function

Painless weakness of muscles, challenge with daily living, muscle atrophy, loss of fine motor control. Foot drop, dragging gait, head drop

Degenration of upper motor neurons in the motor cortex) → Leads to spasticity and hyperreflexia.

and lower motor neurons
Causing muscle atrophy and fascultations, muscle weakness

Mixed symptoms because It affects both

Affects walking, speaking, swallowing and breathing

Question 10

10) Describe Arnold Chiari Malformation? Name one symptom secondary to this issue. (2)

Answer 10

Brain stem herneation

Headache, dizzy, nausea, visual issues, neck pain and or stiffness

Question 11

What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 5

Answer 11

Progressive neurodegenrative disease affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord

Weakness in a single limb or muscle group
Cause issue walking or hand issue

Muscle weakness, atrophy, fasculations, dysphagia, respiratory sues

Asymmetric early stages. No sensory loss

It leads to complete paralysis, respiratory failure, death
It involves UMN and LMN signs.