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Neuro- Year2 > Revision > Flashcards

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1
Q

List the order of testing upper limb

A

Observation: muscle atrophy, muscular bulk, imbalance, fasciculations (muscle twitch)

Palpation: assess tone

Test muscles:
Neck flex
Shoulder shrug
shoulder abduction
Elbow flexion
Elbow extension
Ulnar deviation
Finger abd

Reflex: biceps
Brachioradialis
Triceps

Dermatome:
Light touch, pain
Temp
Vibration
Joint position sense
Sensory in attention (left or right)
Stereognosis (familiar objects)
Graphaesthesia(letter or digit)

Pathological reflex
Pronator drift
Hoffmann reflex
Clonus

Special tests
Finger to nose test
Dysdiokenesia

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2
Q

List neuro tests for upper limb

A

Tinnels test
Phalans test
Roos test
Adsorbs test
Costoclavicular
Wrights
Branchial plexus stretch
Nerve tension test (median, ulnar, radial)

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3
Q

Describe lower limb assessment

A

Observe: muscle atrophy, bulk, imbalance, fascicultations

Assess tone

Test myotomes
Assess gait
Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Knee extension
Ankle plantar flexion
Ankle dorsiflexion

Reflexes
Pattelar tendon
Achilles

Dermatome:
Light touch and pain
Temp
Vibration sense (start distal)
Joint position
Sensory innate notion

Reflex: ankle clonus
Babinski plantar response

Special tests Finger to:
Or,bergs test
Heel to shin test

Neurological tests also

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4
Q

What are the neurological tests for the lower limb

A

SLR
Bilateral SLR
Braggarts and SI cards test
Slump test
Bowstring test
Determines triad
Various nerve tension test

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5
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for shoulder abduction

A

Axillaery nerve C5

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6
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for elbow flexion

A

Musculotanbeous
C5/c6

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7
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for elbow extension

A

Radial
C7

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8
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for ulnar deviation

A

C8/t1
Ulnar nerve

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9
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for finger abduction

A

C8/t1
Ulnar nerve

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10
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for neck lateral flexion

A

Accessory nerve
C3 c4

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11
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for shoulder shrug

A

Accessory nerve
C3 c4

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12
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for hip flexion

A

Iliofemroal nerve L1/2

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13
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for knee flexion

A

Sciatic nerve S1

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14
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for knee extension

A

Femoral nerve L3/4

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15
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for ankle plantar flexion

A

Tibial nerve S1/2

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16
Q

Name the nerve and level of the spine for ankle dorsifleion

A

Deep perineal nerve
L4/5

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17
Q

What spinal level is patella tendon reflex

A

L3/L4

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18
Q

What spinal level is Achilles reflex

A

S1

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19
Q

What spinal level is biceps reflex

20
Q

What spinal level is Brachioradialis reflex

21
Q

What spinal level is triceps reflex

22
Q

list 3 conditions that can present with bth upper and lower motor nbeuron signs and briefly explain each

A

MND. affects both causing spacticity, hyperreflexia. LMNL cause muscle waisting, hyporeflexia and fascultations

MS demylinate both. weakness, spasticity and reflex abnormalities

syringiomyelia affects both. loss of px, temp, weak and atrophy

23
Q

what is mc polyneuropathy caused by diabetes

A

peripheral polyneuropathy

24
Q

what level is patellar refle

25
What are migraines often associated with
nausea, vo,miting, sesnitivity to light and sound
26
explain the differenve between sensory ataxia and cerebellar ataxia
sensory= impaired propriceptuon because of damahge in dorsal column. worsens when eyes are closed cerebellar= damage to cerebllar. presents with eyes open or shut. intention tremour, nyastagmus, wide-based gait
27
what is acute transverse myelitis
inflammation of spinal cord caused by virsal infections like herpes rapid onset motor weakness, sensory loss, bladder dysfunction and pain can be cused by MS or vaccination sor toxinc buse
28
what is horners syndrome
rare cause by disrupion of sympathetic nerve pathyway that supplies the eye and surroundig structures. resulting in drooping of upper eye lid. constriction of pupil. sunken eyeball cause: tumour, MS, stroke, congenital, trauma, cluster headaches
29
what is hyperthyroidism associated with
hyperreflexia, tremours, peripehral europathy
30
what is the difference between muscle dystrophy and myopathy
dystrophy is the inherited condition characterised by progressive degerneation fo msucle fibres due to defectibe proteins like dystrophin, leads to progressive muscle weakness, atrophy myopathy s abnormalities is structre, function and repair of muscole fibres. weakness, pain, proximal muscles mc
31
deacribe trigeminal brnches
opthalamic branch sensory upper part of face, forehead, scalp, upper eyelid, cornea, nose maxillary sensory cheecks, upper lip, upper teeth mandibular branch S AND M lower lip, chin, jaw, teeth mastication
32
what does rombergs test tets
dorsal collumn propriception, helps sensory ataxia
33
Hip ROM
Flex 110-120 abduction 30-50 add 30 lateral rot 40-60 interal rot 30-40 ext 10-15
34
foot ROM
plantar flex 50 dorsiflexion 20 inversion 45 -60 eversion 15-30
35
knee roms
flex 135 ext- o-15 med 20-30 lat rot 30-40
36
grade oxford scale
0= no muscle contraction 1= visible palpable contarcton 2=movement with gravity elimiated 3=movement against gravity 4=movemet with some resistance 5=full resistance
37
what is tibial torsion
rotational alignment of the tibia along its axis angl between ankle and knee joint internal/external can cause gait issue. toe in or out increased risk of acl OA normal angle is 12-18 paeds tibial torsion assessmnet
38
what is plantar fascitis
inflammation or degenration of plantar fascia repetitive stress, overuse leads to microtears risk factor: flat feet tigh calf prolonged standing or walking improper foot wear obesity suden increase in actibity sharp heel px especially morning after standing after exercise tender stiff decrease dorsiflexion cos of tght calf
39
what is a bunion
bony deformityt on the side of the medial big toe lateral deviation of big toe inflammation assocated with bursa genetics improper footway flat feet RA px restricted rom of big toe altered gait
40
what is sydesmosis
fibrous joint stabilising tibiofibular held together by 4 ligamenbts high ankle sprain mc from inversion or hyperdorsiflexion cotton lateral stress test medial subtalar glide test
41
what is mortons neuroma
thickening or irritation of the tissue roud digital nerve between 3rd and 4th toe. nerve entrapment caused by repeitive [essure. tight shoes burning px in ball of foot tingling, numbness 'pebble' in shoe px in toes worse with walking relief whren amssage middle age women runners high heels mortons squeeze test
42
what is tinnels test fpr
tibial nerve tarsal tunnel syndrome tingling in sole of foot
43
what is achilis rupture
complete or partial tear of the tenfon whch conects gastroc to calcaneous trauma like jumping or pivoting middle aged males increased activity pop sharp px difficult plkantar flex thompson test
44
what is compartment syndrome
pressure builds up within a closed muscle compartment, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply to the muscles and nerves. If not treated promptly, it can lead to permanent damage or even loss of the limb. surrounded by inelastic fascia caused by fracture, repetitive exercise px paresthesia pallor paralysis low pulse tight hard pressyre calf measurment difference of 3cm is positive
45
what is medial tibial stress syndrome
overuse injury that causes px along the medial border of the tibia mc runers, dancers, ath;letes flat feet, improper footway dull ache lower 2/px after exercise or constant tenderness it affects the periosetimum which is the ct surrouding the bone as well as fdascia the support the muscles shin palpation test
46
what is the most commonly injured foot lig. what test for this
anterior talofibular lig anterior drawer test

Neuro- Year2 (15 decks)

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