LQ Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is deep gluteal px syndrome
Sciatic nerve is compressed or irritated in deep gluteal regions
Can radiate down leg
Cause: entrapment of sciatic nerve
Ischiofemoral impingement
]hamstring tendinopasthy
Post surgery
Overuse in athletes
Deep gluteal px/aching. Can radiate post thigh
Aggravated by: prolonged sitting, walking uphill, squatting, hip iNTERNAL ROT
Relieved by:standing or walking short distance
Parasthesia, numbnessm weakness
Flexion, adduction, internal rot reproduces symptoms
Can have LBP as a symptom due to altered gate, compensating muscles
What is DDD
Progressive, age related breakdown of investable discs especially Angelou’s purposes and nucleus pulposis
\
Dehydration, disc height reduce
Facet joint stress increases, ligaments become lax and hypermobility can occur
Osteophyte for nation, reduce ROMS increase px
Mc 30-60
Genetic predisposition
Repetitive spinal load logs high impact sports or manual labour
Smoking
Trauma
Obesity
Chronic low back or neck px
Worse with prolonged sitting, flexion, loading
Better: walking, standing, extension
Morning stiffness
Can refer to buttocks, thighs or shoulders
Can also get radiculopathy
Refer x-ray
What is spinal stenosis
Narrowing of spinal canal or in vertabral foreman
Causes Compression of spinal cord or nerve roots
Px, weakness, numbness, reduced mobility
Degenerative changes
Congenital
Herniated discs
Spondylolisthesis
Trauma
Spinal instability
Tumour
What is central canal stenosis
Central canal stenosis:
Narrowing of spinal canal, compression spinal cord or cause equina
Causes: DDD, spondylolisthesis, congenital
Cervical:gait issue, spasticity
Lumbar:bilateral leg px, numbness standing or walking
Mc 60-75
Men for lumbar
Women for cervical
Improved with flexion
What is lateral canal stenosis
Narrowing of lateral portal on of spinal canal
I vertabral f0ramen which is where nerve roots are and nerves exit
UNILATERAL SYMPTOMS
Sharon shooting px down dermatome path
Tingling, numbness, weakness in affected limb
Worse with extension and lateral flexion toward affected side
Better with flexion
TEST KEMPS IS GOOD
SLR
Dermatome loss, motioned weakness, reflex change
Mc 40-70due to degenration
How is DDD and OA different
DDD is in intervertebral disc whereas OA is facet joints
DDD dehydration of pulposis, OA cartilage breakdown
Describe OA
Degenerative joint disease breakdown of articulate cartilage within the joints due to mechanical stress
Osteophytes can form which can irritate nerves and cause px
Trauma
Joint instability
Obesity
Repetitive joint overuse
Metabolic disorders
Inflammatory disease like RA
Unilateral
What is a herniated disc the
Nucleus pulposis produced the rough the outer later anulous fibrosis
Can press on nearby spinal nerves leading to px, numbness, weakness
Degeneration
Sudden heavy lifting or twisting
Injury
Genetics
Obesity
Px, numbness, tingling, weakness, loss of reflexes
Rest, physical therapy, steroids, surgery
what is DVT
blood clot forms in a deep vein
can cause pulmonary embolism
caused by:
venous stasis
endothelial inujuryt
hypercoagubility. prgenancy, contraceptive
60+
swelling
px
red
warm
aching
calf measurment test
What is chondromalaysia patellae
breakdown of articular cartilage uder the patella
YOUNG ATHLETES. running, jumpig, cycling. more common with GROWTH SPURTS
imbalances quads
tight it band
flat feet
overuser
injury
age degeneration
knee px
swelling
grinding or popping
instabiliy
reduced rom
patella grind test : for patllar tracking and cartilage degenration
patella aprehsnion test: sugest abnormal patella tracking
what is osteochondritis discens
articular cartilage and he subchondral bone loosen or detach due to loss of blood suply. causes joint dysfunction and px
trauma or injury
poor blood supply causing necrosis
genetic
overuse : YOUNG ATHLETES . jump, rum. twist
px
swelling
stiff
joint instability
tender
weak
mcmurray test can indicate mechanical issyes with clic or pain
thesslay test for knee joint insatbility. locking or catching
causa quina red flag
caused by compression of lumboscral nerve roots below spianl cord
Central disc herneation L4/5 L5/S1
saddle anaesthesia
chaneg in B and B
sexual dysfunction
nubness or weakness in both legs
sudden low back pain
What is IT band syndrome
IT band becomes tight or inglammed due to fricytion. mc where it crosses laterl to the knee
originates TFL attaches lateral cndlye of femur
overuse: cycling
improper biomechanics like overpronatin
weak hip abductors
px worsen with actibity
tender
swelling
limited rom
ober
what is greater trochanter px syndrome
inflammtion of the greater trohanter bura
can involve tendonitis or tendonopathy with glute med or min
mc 40 plus
overuse
trauma
muscle imbalance
degenration
females
obesity
infections
px
tender
px lying on affected side
decreased rom
crepitus
OBers test as friction of it band could cause px
trendelenberg weak glutes affected
what is meralgia parasthetica
numbness, tingling, burning, pins and needles of outer thigh
compression of lateral femoral cuteanous nerve
compression
tight clothng
obesity
pregnncy
trauma
diabetes
prolonged sitting
surgeyr
what is coxa saltans
snapping band syndrome
snapping or clicking from flex ro ext
IT band or TFL slides over greater trovchnater
only an issue when px
tight muscles, imbalkancesm overuse
obers
thomas tets
describe labral tears
cartilage structure stabilising and supporting the hip. allows smooth movement
trauma
stress
FAI
degenration: common
grain px
limited rom
lock, click, catch
px with squat or sitting for a while
20-40
what is slipped capital femoral epiphysis
ADOLESCENTS
femoral head slipps off the femur neck at the growth plate
grwoth spurts
hormone hcnage
obsesity
endocirne issues
increased physical activity
genetics
hip, groin, thigh px
painrefered to knee
limping
limited rom
muscle weakness
FABER test
trendeleburg test due to weaknes muscles
what is hip dysplaysia
abnormal formation of hip joint
can be disloated or subluxed
congenital
breech pregnancy
joint laxity
limited rom
click or clunk
px
limp
ealry OA
trendelenberg test
hip abductor weaknbess, pelvic stability
what is FAI
femoral acetabulum impinegemtn
pincer: acetabulum abnormality
cam:femoral head abnormality
mixed: both
congenital
repetitive motion or overuse with ath;letes
trauma or injurt
hip px in groin, can radiate to thigh and bum
decreased rom
clicking, popping, catching
faber
anterior impingement test
hip scour
what is coxa vara/valga
abnormal angulations of the femoral neck in relation to the femoral shaft
affect function of hip joint
vara is less than 120
valga is greater than 135
congenitl: cerbela palsy can effect
trauma or injurt
neurmuscular conditions
px and discomfort
increased risk of OA
decreased ROM
altered gait
what is the meniscus
cresent shaped cartilage located in knee joint
shock absorber, stabilisation
facilitates smooth movement
load distribution
medial and lateral
acute injuryt
degenrative changes
stress
6 types of menisus tear
vertical tear: across the length
radial: perpendicular ot the legnth. instability
horizontal: divides between upper ad lower. can displace minsicus
knee px
swelling
locking or cathcing
limited rom
instability
clicking or popping
what is patela plica
synovium mebrane fold within the knee
can get 4 types
can become problematc when overuse like running, cycling, ju,pog
trauma
knee joint instability
px
clicking
popping
swelling
stiffnes
px with activity
tenderness
what is a bakers cycts
fluid filled swelling in popliteal fossa occurs with excess synovial fluid in biursa
OA
RA
meniscus tears or ligament injury
infections
