EXAM_ONE_BIO1010

Question 1

List the Attributes of Life.

Answer 1

Cellular Structure
Growth
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Movement
Responsiveness
Reproduction
Adaption

Question 2

Kingdoms of Living Organisms

Answer 2

Monera
Fungi
Protista
Plantae
Animalia

Question 3

How does science differ from philosophy and art?

Answer 3

Science must follow natural law and be accessible to everyone/be repeated

Question 4

Difference between theory & hypothesis

Answer 4

theory is something repeatedly tested without being proved false
hypothesis is an educated guess

Question 5

Define element.

Answer 5

Basic material from which everything is made. There are 92 naturally occuring elements.

Question 6

Define Atom.

Answer 6

Building block of elements. Smallest, simplest unit of an element

Question 7

Inorganic molecules.

Answer 7

small and simple, not usually made in living things, not based on carbon chain

Question 8

Organic compounds/molecules

Answer 8

large and complex
usually made in living things
based on carbon chain

Question 9

Importance of water in living things.

Answer 9

solvent
photosynthesis
buffer of temp

Question 10

4 classes of organic molecules

Answer 10

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, neucleaic acid

proteins are most versatile and vary most

Question 11

Mono, Di and Polysaccharides.

Answer 11

Mono: single sugars like glucose, fructose; used for fuel transport in animals

di: sucrose; fuel transport in plants
poly: starch, celluose; cell walls, food storage in plants and short term storage in animals.

Question 12

Levels of Protein structure.

Answer 12

1. Primary; sequence the amino acids come in
2. secondary; primary structure curves, to make a spiral
3. Tertiary; secondary become a knot
4. quaternary; tertiary attaching together to function properly.

Question 13

Define Enzyme.

Answer 13

Organic catalyst. Allows chemical reactions to occur at body temp; remain unchanged; always proteins. They DONT bring enegery, they allow reactions to occur at a lower energy level

Question 14

3 Types of RNA.

Answer 14

rRNA: ribosomal RNA-make ribosome with protein
mRNA: Messenger RNA-copy gene & carries to the ribosome
tRNA: transfer RNA-brings amino acids to the ribosome for translation.

Question 15

Define Nucleus

Answer 15

Control center; holds protien and RNA, makes ribosomes

Question 16

Cell Wall.

Answer 16

Plants only, made of starches, support

Question 17

Cell membrane

Answer 17

Outermost part; controls what goes in and out. Protiens carry things across the membrane.

Question 18

Mitochondrian.

Answer 18

Powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular respiration (food energy to ATP energy

Question 19

Cholorplast

Answer 19

site of photosynthesis

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

made of protein and RNA; makes proteins

Question 21

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 21

Prokaryotic: lack a nucleus, found in bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic: have a nucleus, in living things

Question 22

Photosynthesis: (what do we start with/end up with?)

Answer 22

Starts with Water and CO2, end up with glucose and Oxygen

Question 23

Difference between light and dark photosynthesis reactions

Answer 23

light: occurs in cholorplast, absorbs sunlight to make high energy molecules
Dark: takes CO2 from atmosphere, uses molecules from high energy reaction

Question 24

Respiration formula.

Answer 24

Start with Glucose (6C) end with 2 ATPs

Question 25

Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 25

Anaerobic: in animals-lactic acid fermentation; no energy, made to get rid of pyruvic acid or alcohol fermentation in plants-turns pyruvic acid into ethanol, no enegry, end with 2 ATPs per sugar Aerobic Respiration; in the mitochondria, opposite of photosynthesis: start with glucose & O, end with CO2 & H2O, end with 30 ATPs per sugar

Question 26

Why are Watson and Crick important?

Answer 26

Discovered the Double Helix

Question 27

Mutations.

Answer 27

Accidental change in genetic code; can be caused by radiation, chemicals, etc.

Question 28

Point Mutations

Answer 28

Substitution: occur in one nucleotide when one base is substituted for another, better if at the end Deletion: one is lost, the sequence will be completely different, better at the end of a gene Insertions: added amino acid-casing an extra, same impact as deletion

Question 29

Define Chromosome

Answer 29

DNA of a particular form Chromotin: DNA in a long stringy form, needed to make protein, condenses into a coil and packed together, now a chromosome 2 chromotids=one chromosome; centremere holds them together

Question 30

Alleles

Answer 30

Specific form of a gene (ex. eye color)

Question 31

Homology

Answer 31

look alike | carry same genes at same position

Question 32

Diploid

Answer 32

Get half from each parent/2 copies of each chromosome

Question 33

Haploid

Answer 33

One copy of each chromosome (cells that deal with gender)

Question 34

Translation

Answer 34

mRNA code is read to assemble amino acids into protein

Question 35

Transcription

Answer 35

DNA is copied to make mRNA