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BIOL1010 > EXAM_THREE_BIO1010 > Flashcards

EXAM_THREE_BIO1010 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ranks of Classification in order

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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2
Q

Artificial classification.

A

Based on a single attribute (ex. edible or not?), it is simple, it doesn’t work well because we want to know what’s related to what.

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3
Q

Natural Classification

A

Based on as many traits as possible

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4
Q

Phylogenetic apporach to classification

A

group based on evolutionary relationships, complicated

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5
Q

“biological” species

A

used today, emphasis on reproduction/fertile offspring–things that reproduce in nature

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6
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

two word naming system, used today, started by Linneaus; Genus + specific epithet

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7
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

Key for identification–gives you two choices and you follow it through until you find the species you are looking for.

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8
Q

Taxonomy

A

Classification/Nomenclature/Identificaton
Classification: deciding relationships among organisms
Nomenclature: To name the species

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9
Q

Why is Linneaus important?

A

Created the binomial nomenclature system of naming speices

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10
Q

Viruses

A

Not alive (lacks attributes of life), become so simplified it can’t do anything for itself, injects DNA into cells to infect it

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11
Q

Domain Bacteria/Kingdom Bacteria Characteristics

A

Single Kingdom, Single-celled, prokaryotic

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12
Q

Bacteria Characteristics

A

Heterotrophic (can’t make own food), very common, used in yogurt, sewage treatment

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13
Q

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

A

Autotrophic (photosynthetic), single-celled, capable of fixing nitrogen-burning atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen, found in soil, water, oxygen

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14
Q

Kingdom/Domain Archaea characteristics

A

Prokaryotic, look similar to bacteria, “extremeaphiles”-live in difficult environments like the yellowstone hotspots, acidic enviornments and salty environments like the great salt lake

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15
Q

Domain Eukarya Characteristics

A

Eukaryotic, Contains the Kingdoms Protistia, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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16
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

Single-celled, many speices, least natural

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17
Q

Plant-like protistia

A

Autotrophic, Very common, used as a filtering tool, in polishing, and pest control. Ex:Red, Brown, and Green Algae.
Green Algae is directly related to higher plants

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18
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

Eukaryotic, Heterotrphic, Plant-like in appearance, Most live off of dead organic material. Ex: Mold, Mushrooms, yeast

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19
Q

Commercial uses for Kingdom Fungi

A

Bread-yeast, mushrooms, roquefort cheese, Penicillin

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20
Q

Kingdom Plantae Characteristics

A

Eukaryotic, Multi-cellular, Autotrophic, Cell Walls/Celluose

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21
Q

Bryophytes

A

WAter needed for Fertilization Ex: Mosses

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22
Q

Primitive Vascular Plants

A

Vascular Tissue, Water Needed for Fertilization Ex: Fern

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23
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Vascular Tissue, Seeds EX: Pines

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24
Q

Angiospersm

A

Vascular Tissue, Seed, Flowers/Fruits

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25
Parts of the Flower: Calyx/Sepals
green, protects petals, esp. during young flower
26
Parts of the Flower: Corolla/Petals
Attracts pollinators
27
Parts of the Flower: androecium/stamens
male reproductive parts, fillimet and anger produce pollen/sperm through miosis
28
Parts of the Flower: gynoecium/pistil
female reproductive parts, stigma (captures pollen), style (elevates stigma), and ovary (egg production)
29
Pollination: Self-pollination
some plants can pollinate themselves, esp. weedy plants. No diversity
30
Pollination: Cross-pollination
Gives genetic diversity, animal pollination
31
Pollination: Animal-pollination
bee flower, bird flowers, moth flowers, etc.
32
Pollination: Wind pollination
grow in thick stands like grass, grass flowers, no petals, a lot of pollen-sticky, small
33
Fruits and Seeds
The fruits purpose is to disperse seeds. Fruit: ripened ovary
34
Kingdom Animalia Characteristics
Euukaryotic, multi-cellular, heterotrphic, move on their own, organized tissues, reproduce sexually, majority of animals are invertebrates
35
Invertebrates
Lack backbone
36
Phylum Porifera
Marine Organisms, no tissues/no organs | SPONGES
37
Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
simple, radial symmetry, tissues/no organs, 2 cellular layers, two forms: medusode, hydride JELLYFISH, CORAL
38
Phylum Platyhelminthes
flat-ribbon like | FLATWORMS, TAPEWORM, LIVERFLUKE
39
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms, common | HOOKWORMS, HEARTWORMS
40
Phylum Mollusca
CLAMS, SNAILS, SLUGS, OCTOPUS, SQUID
41
Phylum Annelida
Segmented Worms | LEECH, EARTHWORM
42
Phylum Arthropoda
"Jointed Legs", Exoskeleton, biggest phylum on planet, 3 groups: Crustaceans--CRAB, LOBSTER, CRAYFISH; Arachinids: SPIDERS,SCORPIANS, TICS; Insects: LADYBUGS, ANTS
43
Phylum Echinodermata
"Spiny-skinned", Radial Symmetry | SEA URCHINS, SEA STARS, SAND DOLLARS
44
Phylum Chordata
Includes all vertebrates--notochord is a stiffening rod-lenght of body, Contains the subphylum Vertebrata
45
Subphylum Vertebrata
``` Backbone, endoskeleton for strength/lightweight/cranium, brain, 2 pairs of appendages, seperate sexes, Contains the following classes: Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes amphibia reptilia aves mammalia ```
46
Class Chondrichthyes
cartilege fish, predators, no lungs/no swim bladder | SHARKS, RAYS
47
Class Osteichthyes
Bony fish, skeleton, two-chambered heart | SEA HORSE, TUNA, HALIBUT
48
Class Amphibia
First group to move onto land, external fertilization-femal and male release eggs/sperm directly into war, 3 chambered heart, cold-blooded FROGS, TOADS, SALAMANDERS, NEWTS
49
Class Reptilia
Tied to land, dry skin, internal fertilization, hard shell on eggs, 4 chambered heart SNAKES, LIZARDS, TURTLES/TORTOISE, ALLIGATORS/CROCODILES
50
Class Aves
related to reptiles, sensory organs are excellent, warm-blooded, four-chambered heart, scales on feet, Modifications for flight include feather, and the hollow bones/skeleton Nest building behavior, migration behavior-use stars to navigate HUMMINGBIRD, OSTRICH, PENGUINS
51
Class mammalia
Live birth, milk producing mammary glands, hair, warm-blooded, 4 chambered heart, large brain, second group from reptiles contains 3 subclasses: Monotremes, Marsupials, Placentals
52
Subclass Monotreme
reptilian features, hair, lay eggs, mammary glands | PLATYPUS, ACHINA (SPINY ANTEATER)
53
Subclass Marsupial
Pouch, found in Australia/New Zealand, young are born VERY early KANGAROO, KOALA, TASMANIAN DEVIL, SUGAR GLIDER, OPOSSUM (found in north america)
54
Subclass Placental
have a placenta, largest group of mammals | DEER, ELEPHANT, WHALES
55
Male Reproductive Role
Produce Gametes, Transferring gametes to female
56
Female Reproductive Role
Prodcue gametes, receive male gametes, site for fertilization, site for fetus development, delivery, nourishment
57
Male Reproductive Organs
Primary SEx organs: gonads (Testes) Secondary Sex Organs: Epididymis: stroage/maturation or sperm; Vas Deferens: tube running to seminal vesicles; Seminal Vesicles: provides nutrients; prostate gland: ejaculation; penis: transfers semen; scrotum: contains testes/temp regulation
58
Female Reproductive Organs
Primary Sex Organs: Gonads (ovaries) Secondary Sex Organs: Uterine Tubes: fertilization/development, childbirth; Uterus: site of embryo development; cervix: hods fetus in place; vagina: recieves semen; mammary glands: provides milk
59
Theory of Epigenesis
Start with one cell (zygote)-cell division creates the human with functioning parts
60
Prenatal Development: Pre-embryonic stage
first 2 weeks
61
Prenatal Development: Embryonic stage
(Still 1st trimester) 3-9 week; most critical stage, organ systems begin to develop--brain is first Chorion (helps form placenta Amnion (provides protection to fetus)
62
Prenatal Development: Fetal Stage
9-38 week growth organ systems grow & mature
63
Labor: Stage One
Uterine contractions Average time 8-24 hours before childbirth "breaking water"-rupture of membranes around fetus
64
Labor: Stage Two
baby is born-passes through birth canal
65
Labor: Stage Three
All membranes (placenta) pass through birth canal--called the "after-birth"
65
How are scientific names constructed?
Genus and specific epithet. | Latin

BIOL1010 (4 decks)

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