Examination Techniques and Equipment Flashcards
(36 cards)
What contains transmissable infections agents?
Blood Body fluids Secretions Excretions (except sweat) NONintact skin Mucus membranes
What procedures require masks to prevent the spreading of transmissable infectious agents
insertion of catheters or injection of material into spinal or epidural spaces via lumbar puncture
Transmission-based precautions
Applies to pathogens spread by Air Droplet Dry Skin Contaminated Surfaces
Latex Allergy
Occurs from direct or mucus membrane contact
Healthcare and pts with multiple surgeries or procedures are at risk
Four examination techniquest
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Guidelines for Inspection
Adequate lighting
Unhurried and careful inspection
Expose what you want to inspect
Validation of findings with patient
Palpation guidelines
Keep fingernails short Have warm hands Be gentle in approach Use correct palpation depth Use appropriate hand surface
Palmar surface of the fingers and finger pads allow for?
Position, texture, size,consistency, fluid, creptitus (joint popping) form of a mass or structure
Ulnar surface of the han
Side of little finger allows for inspection of vibration
Dorsal surface of the hand
Checks temperature
Percussion guidelines
One object striking against another produces vibrations and sound waves
Tapping fingers produces vibrations on underlying tissues
Sound waves from vibrations produce percussion tones (resonance)
Tone is related to density of underlying tissues
Tympany
loud, high, drumlike gastric bubble (stomach)
Hyperresonance
very loud, low, booming
normal lungs in children, emphysematous lungs in adults
Resonance
loud, low, hollow
healthy lung tissues
Dullness
soft, moderate, thudlike
Over liver
Flatness
soft, high, dull
Over muscle
Immediate (direct) percussion
finger strikes directly against body (reflexes)
Mediate (indirect)
Middle finger of dominant hand is hammer, middle finger finger of nondominant hand is placed on body and struck
Fist percussion
Nondominant hand is placed on body and struck with fist of dominant hand (CVA tenderness)
Auscultation guidelines
Sounds produced by body
Performed last in examination (2nd in abdominal)
Stethoscope placed on naked skin
Listen for sound, and one sound at a time
Take time to identify
Do not anticipate next sound
What are the 6 vital signs?
Pulse, respirations, BP, temp, pain, and O2
Normal arterial O2
97-99
Pediatric VS
high HR, higher temp
Geriatric VS
low HR, lower temp