Examination Techniques and Equipment Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What contains transmissable infections agents?

A
Blood
Body fluids
Secretions
Excretions (except sweat)
NONintact skin 
Mucus membranes
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2
Q

What procedures require masks to prevent the spreading of transmissable infectious agents

A

insertion of catheters or injection of material into spinal or epidural spaces via lumbar puncture

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3
Q

Transmission-based precautions

A
Applies to pathogens spread by 
Air 
Droplet
Dry Skin
Contaminated Surfaces
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4
Q

Latex Allergy

A

Occurs from direct or mucus membrane contact

Healthcare and pts with multiple surgeries or procedures are at risk

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5
Q

Four examination techniquest

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

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6
Q

Guidelines for Inspection

A

Adequate lighting
Unhurried and careful inspection
Expose what you want to inspect
Validation of findings with patient

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7
Q

Palpation guidelines

A
Keep fingernails short
Have warm hands 
Be gentle in approach 
Use correct palpation depth 
Use appropriate hand surface
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8
Q

Palmar surface of the fingers and finger pads allow for?

A

Position, texture, size,consistency, fluid, creptitus (joint popping) form of a mass or structure

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9
Q

Ulnar surface of the han

A

Side of little finger allows for inspection of vibration

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10
Q

Dorsal surface of the hand

A

Checks temperature

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11
Q

Percussion guidelines

A

One object striking against another produces vibrations and sound waves
Tapping fingers produces vibrations on underlying tissues
Sound waves from vibrations produce percussion tones (resonance)
Tone is related to density of underlying tissues

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12
Q

Tympany

A
loud, high, drumlike 
gastric bubble (stomach)
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13
Q

Hyperresonance

A

very loud, low, booming

normal lungs in children, emphysematous lungs in adults

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14
Q

Resonance

A

loud, low, hollow

healthy lung tissues

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15
Q

Dullness

A

soft, moderate, thudlike

Over liver

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16
Q

Flatness

A

soft, high, dull

Over muscle

17
Q

Immediate (direct) percussion

A

finger strikes directly against body (reflexes)

18
Q

Mediate (indirect)

A

Middle finger of dominant hand is hammer, middle finger finger of nondominant hand is placed on body and struck

19
Q

Fist percussion

A

Nondominant hand is placed on body and struck with fist of dominant hand (CVA tenderness)

20
Q

Auscultation guidelines

A

Sounds produced by body
Performed last in examination (2nd in abdominal)
Stethoscope placed on naked skin
Listen for sound, and one sound at a time
Take time to identify
Do not anticipate next sound

21
Q

What are the 6 vital signs?

A

Pulse, respirations, BP, temp, pain, and O2

22
Q

Normal arterial O2

23
Q

Pediatric VS

A

high HR, higher temp

24
Q

Geriatric VS

A

low HR, lower temp

25
Measurement of height and weight
Adult - Standing platform scale with height attachment Infant - Weight on platform scale lying or sitting Child (when able to stand) - stadiometer infants and children up to 2-3 y/o need their head circumference taken
26
Special Concerns for Patients with Disabilities
Bowel and bladder concerns Autonomic hyperreflexia (overreaction to external or bodily stimuli) Hypersensitivity Spasticity
27
Stethoscope
Amplifies auscultations Bell - low pitched sounds Diaphragm - high pitched sounds
28
Pulse Oximeter
Measures percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen Measures how much oxygen the blood is carrying as a percentage of the maximum it could carry Taken via the finger, toe or pinna of the ear
29
Snellen Alphabet (visual acuity chart)
Smallest complete line patient can see is recorded Recorded as a fraction (20/20) Larger denominator = poorer vision 20/40 a normal person can see at 20 is what a poorer person sees at 40
30
Rosenbaum and Jaeger charts (Near Vision)
Series of numbers, E, X and O in graduated sizes | Acuity recorded at distance (20/20) or Jaeger equivalents (J-2)
31
Otoscope
Contains illumination piece for external auditory canal and tympanic membrane Speculum directs beam of light down ear canal Pneumatic attachment evaluates fluctuating capacity of tympanic membrane Hold otoscope like a pencil and use other hand to hold pt head
32
Nasal Speculum
Used with penlight to see lower and middle turbinates of nose (ridges) Open blade by squeezing handles of instrument Stabilize speculum with index finger to avoid contact of blades to nasal septum Tilt pts head
33
Tuning Fork
Cranial nerve eight test auditory fxn and vibratory sensation measures in cycles per second or Hz Auditory used to estimate hearing loss by noting which vibrating tuning forks can be hears (500-1000Hz) Vibratory sense is measured by holding vibrating fork against bony prominence (100-400Hz)
34
Percussion Hammer
Tests deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) Hammer held loosely between thumb and index finger and a tendon is tapped to elicit reaction Finger may also be used as percussion hammer in peds
35
Neurologic Hammer
Variant of percussion hammer (can test DTRs) Base of handle unscrews, revealing soft brush Knob on head unscrews, revealing sharp needle (no longer used due to cross contamination)
36
Monofilament
Test sensation on plantar surface of foot Bends at 10g of linear pressure-patient has lost sensation if not felt when bent (used in diabetics) Guidelines include: Test various foot points while patients eyes are closed Press and bend filament Have patient indicate if filament if felt