Lymphatic System

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

Answer 1

Lymph fluid and ducts 
lymph nodes
spleen 
thymus 
tonsil and adenoids 
peyer patches

Question 2

Lymph tissue located in where?

Answer 2

Stomach, appendix, bone marrow and lungs

Except for placenta and CNS

Question 3

Fxn of immune system

Answer 3

protects body from antigens
Removes damaged cells
Partial barrier to malignant cells

Question 4

Immunocompetence can lead to

Answer 4

Allergies
Immunodeficiencies
Autoimmune disorder

Question 5

`Metabolic processes of immune system

Answer 5

movement in a closed circuit 
produce lymphocytes 
production of antibodies 
phagocytosis 
absorption of fat and fat-soluble substances 
manufacture of blood

Question 6

Composition of lymph

Answer 6

Clear fluid
WBCs
RBCs
Proteins

Question 7

Drainage of lymph

Answer 7

Moves from blood to interstitial spaces
Collected by ducts 
Carried to nodes
Moves to venous 
Closed but porous circulation

Question 8

Lymph nodes

Answer 8

Receive lymph from ducts
Surrounded by capsules of connective tissue and fibrils
Located superficially and deep

Question 9

Lymphocytes

Answer 9

Respond to antigens
B-lymphocytes produce antibodies
T-lymphocytes control immune response of B-lymph
Humoral and Cellular immunity
Increased presence of lymphocytes indicated infection

Question 10

Thymus

Answer 10

Extends upward into lower neck
Primary fxn during childhood
T-cell production

Question 11

Spleen

Answer 11

Blood-forming organ
red corpuscle storage
contain blood-filtering macrophages
immune response usually originates here

Question 12

Tonsils and Adenoids

Answer 12

Palatine - tonsils
Pharyngeal - adenoids
Lingual - base of tongue
Responds to inhaled or intranasal antigens

Question 13

Peyer Patches

Answer 13

Lymph tissue in small intestine

Question 14

HPI: enlarged nodes

Answer 14

character
associated local 
associated systemic 
predisposing factors 
medications

Question 15

HPI: Swelling of extremity

Answer 15

unilateral or bilateral, intermittent, duration
predisposing
associated
efforts at treatment

Question 16

PMHx

Answer 16

Chest radiographs
TB
Blood trans
Chronic illnes
surgery
recurrent infections
autoimmune disorder
allergies

Question 17

FH

Answer 17

Malignancy 
Anemia 
Recent infections 
TB
Immune disorder 
Hemophilia

Question 18

Personal and Social

Answer 18

Travel
Drugs (IV)
Alcohol
Sexual hx

Question 19

Three physical signs of disorder of lymph

Answer 19

lymphadenopathy - enlarged nodes
lymphangitis - red-streaks
lyphedema

Question 20

Inspection

Answer 20

Lymph nodes 
edema
erythema
red streaks 
skin lesions

Question 21

Palpation

Answer 21

enlargement 
consistency 
mobility
tenderness
size
warmth

Question 22

Node characteristics

Answer 22

harder - malignancy 
tender - inflammation 
nodes dont pulsate 
Palpable supraclavicular could be abdominal or thoracic malignancy
Virchow node

Question 23

Head sequence

Answer 23

Occipital
Postauricular
Preauricular 
Parotid/tonsillar
Submandibular 
Submental

Question 24

Neck sequence

Answer 24

Anterior cervical
Posterior cervical
Cervical nodes in SCM
Supra and infraclavicular

Question 25

Other areas of nodes

Answer 25

axillae epitrochlear inguinal and popliteal spleen

Question 26

Acute lymphangitis

Answer 26

Inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessel

Question 27

Acute suppurative lymphadenitis

Answer 27

infection or inflammation of lymph node | May affect a single or localized group

Question 28

Lymphedema

Answer 28

swelling due to fluid accumulation due to inadequate drainage

Question 29

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 29

malignany neoplasm | Hodgkin = malignant lymphoma

Question 30

Cat scratch disease

Answer 30

subacute/chronic lymphadenitis in children

Question 31

A&P in children

Answer 31

``` antibodies are immature Thymus is largest tonils are larger lymph node distribution is same as adult lumphatic system gradually reaches adult ```

Question 32

Hx of infants and children

Answer 32

``` recurrent infections present or recent infections or trauma in distal nodes poor growth, failure to thrive loss of interest in play or eating immunizations maternal HIV infections hemophilia ```

Question 33

Exam in infants and children

Answer 33

enlarged postauricular/occipital not unusual in younger than 2 enlarge cervical/submandibular frequent in older than one

Question 34

Hx of pregnant women

Answer 34

weeks of gestation hx of rubella and other infections presence of pets in household - cat litter or feces

Question 35

A&P in older

Answer 35

number of nodes may diminish size decreases nodes of older are more fibrotic and fatty impaired ability to resist infection

Question 36

Hx of older

Answer 36

presence of autoimmune recent infection or trauma distal to nodes delayed healing