Excretory System

Question 1

osmolarity

Answer 1

the solute concentration of a solution which determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 2

isoosmotic

Answer 2

no net movement of water

Question 3

hyperosmotic

Answer 3

more solute concentration; water invades

Question 4

hypoosmotic

Answer 4

less solute concentration; water exits

Question 5

two ways of maintaining water balance

Answer 5

osmoconformers
osmoregulators

Question 6

osmoconformers

Answer 6

isoosmotic w environment
do not regulate osmolarity
ex sea stars molluscs

Question 7

osmoregulators

Answer 7

expend energy to control water loss/uptake in different environments

Question 8

marine animals vs freshwater

Answer 8

marine fish are hypoosmotic to environment: need to drink lots and expel salt
freshwater fish are hyperosmotic: need to drink less and conserve salts

Question 9

land animals

Answer 9

susceptible to dehydration
drink water
have body coverings
have behavioral adaptations

Question 10

transport epithelia

Answer 10

epithelial cells specialized for controlled movement of solutes in specific directions

Question 11

ammonia

Answer 11

a toxic metabolite produced by breakdown of nitrogenous molecules
has to be regulated

Question 12

ammonia (and others) are removed by

Answer 12

excretion

Question 13

three forms of nitrogenous waste

Answer 13

ammonia
urea
uric acid

Question 14

ammonia

Answer 14

highly toxic
lots of water in order to dilute
most aquatic animals

Question 15

urea

Answer 15

less toxic than ammonia and high solubility in water
ammonia to urea is energetically expensive
mammals and amphibians

Question 16

uric acid

Answer 16

non-toxic, does not dissolve in water
a paste
very energetically expensive to make

Question 17

how is urine produced

Answer 17

refining a filtrate from body fluids

Question 18

functions of excretory systems

Answer 18

filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion

Question 19

filtration

Answer 19

filtering of body fluids

Question 20

reabsorption

Answer 20

recovering valuable solutes

Question 21

secretion

Answer 21

adding nonessential solutes and wastes to the filtrate

Question 22

excretion

Answer 22

processed filtrate containing nitrogenous wastes is released from the body

Question 23

kidneys

Answer 23

excretory organs of vertebrates
excretion and osmoregulation

Question 24

what does the kidney do?

Answer 24

costly active and passive transport of ions
reabsorbs water and nutrients
salts, glucose, amino acids, n2 wastes filtered out

Question 25

each day

Answer 25

1600L of blood flows thru kidneys 1.5L of urine produced

Question 26

blood travel/urine travel

Answer 26

blood enters renal artery filtration (removal of n2 wastes and salts) in nephrons blood leaves thru renal vein down ureter into urinary bladder expelled thru urethra

Question 27

filtration in the kidneys occurs where

Answer 27

nephrons