Animal Form and Function

Question 1

tissues

Answer 1

groups of cells with a similar appearance and common function

Question 2

organs

Answer 2

tissues make up these

Question 3

organ systems

Answer 3

organs make up these

Question 4

types of animal tissues

Answer 4

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 5

epithelial tissue

Answer 5

covers outside of body and lines organs and cavities within the body

Question 6

epithelial tissue shape

Answer 6

cuboidal, squamous, columnal

Question 7

six types of connective tissue

Answer 7

loose connective
fibrous connective
bone
adipose
blood
cartilage

Question 8

loose connective tissue

Answer 8

binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place

Question 9

fibrous connective tissue

Answer 9

found in 1 tendons and 2 ligaments (1 connect muscles to bones and 2 bones at joints)

Question 10

bone

Answer 10

mineralized and forms in skeleton

Question 11

adipose tissue

Answer 11

stores fat for insulation and fuel

Question 12

blood

Answer 12

composed of blood cells and cell fragments in blood plasma

Question 13

cartilage

Answer 13

strong/flexible support material, kinda like bone

Question 14

muscle tissue

Answer 14

responsible for nearly all types of body movement

Question 15

muscle cells consist of

Answer 15

the filaments of actin and myosin
which enable muscles to contract

Question 16

three types of muscle tissue

Answer 16

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

Question 17

skeletal muscle

Answer 17

responsible for voluntary movement

Question 18

smooth muscle

Answer 18

involuntary body activities – digestive, arteries, etc

Question 19

cardiac muscle

Answer 19

responsible for heart contractions

Question 20

nervous tissue

Answer 20

functions in transmission, receipt, and transmission of information

Question 21

nervous tissue contains two things

Answer 21

neurons/nerve cells
glial cells/glia

Question 22

neurons

Answer 22

transmit nerve impulses

Question 23

glial cells

Answer 23

support and protection to neurons

Question 24

regulator animal

Answer 24

uses internal control systems to control internal change in the face of external fluctuation

Question 25

conformer animal

Answer 25

allows internal conditions to change as external conditions vary

Question 26

homeostasis

Answer 26

what is used to maintain a relatively constant internal environment (steady state) regardless of external environment

Question 27

Humans and homeostasis

Answer 27

blood temp, blood pH, and glucose concentration are each maintained at a fairly constant level

Question 28

set point

Answer 28

a variable(temp, pH, etc) that is maintained at or near a particular value

Question 29

external stimulus

Answer 29

create a bodily response

Question 30

set points and normal ranges may change

Answer 30

with age or show cyclic variation ex: circadian rhythm every 24 hours

Question 31

acclimatization

Answer 31

what causes homeostasis to be altered ex altitude

Question 32

homeostasis and temperature

Answer 32

endothermic animals ectothermic animals

Question 33

endotherms

Answer 33

generate heat through metabolism; birds and mammals

Question 34

ectotherms

Answer 34

animals gain heat from external sources; fishes, amphibians, nonavian reptiles, most invertebrates

Question 35

metabolism / bioenergetics

Answer 35

bioenergetics is the overflow and transformation of energy in an animal

Question 36

bioenergetics

Answer 36

determines animal's nutritional needs, size, activity, and environment

Question 37

energy molecules from food make

Answer 37

atp which powers cellular work

Question 38

biosynthesis

Answer 38

includes body growth and repair, synthesis of storage material like fat, and production of gametes

Question 39

after needs of survival met

Answer 39

food molecules can be used for biosynthesis

Question 40

metabolic rate

Answer 40

the sum of all the energy an animal uses in a unit of time

Question 41

basal metabolic rate

Answer 41

the metabolic rate of an endotherm at rest, with an empty stomach, and not experiencing stress

Question 42

endothermic metabolic rate vs ectothermic metabolic rate

Answer 42

human 1600kcal/day alligator 60kcal/day

Question 43

factors that affect metabolic rate

Answer 43

age, sex, size, activity, temperature, nutrition