Exercise 1 Breed, Variety, and Strain Characterization Flashcards
(45 cards)
Introduction
_ - any domesticated bird reared as source of egg and meat
- most popular: _ and _
- some used as pets or for sports
- source of leather, pillow, thermal wear
Poultry
- most popular: chicken and duck
External parts of the chicken
Hen vs Rooster
Rooster is larger, has larger wattles, has sickles
Other External Features of Different Poultry Species
Types of Comb
SRPCBSV
Types of COMB
- Single comb
- Rose comb
- Pea comb
- Cushion comb
- Buttercup comb
- Strawberry comb
- V-shaped comb
Features of the head of different poultry species
Chicken vs turkey
Chicken - points, serrations, blade (in comb), eye ring, beak, wattle, ear, ear lobe
Turkey - snood (on beak between eye), caruncles (instead of wattle), beard
Features of the head of different poultry species
Duck vs goose
Duck - nasal opening, bill, bean
Goose - knob (on top of beak between eye), bill, dewlap (chin area)
Breeds of Chicken
History
_ _ _ (Gallus bankiva) of SEA - origin of domestic chicken
- Gallus (Latin) - _
- domestication - 6000 BC
- reason: _
- replaced by poultry shows during 18th century in Europe and America
Red jungle fowl (Gallus bankiva)
- Gallus (Latin) - comb
- reason: cockfighting
Breeds of Chicken
Terminology
_ - indicate region where breed originated; approximately _ _
_ - broad term referring to group of chicken which possesses a given set of physical traits (body shape, skin color, carriage, growth, egg shell color, temperament); approximately _ _
Classes - 12 classes
Breeds - 60 breeds
Breeds of Chicken
Terminology
_ - subdivision of a breed
- used to distinguish fowls having different plummage, comb, presence of beard or muff from other groups of same breed
- approximately _ _
- breed and _ tell little about qualities of good producing stock
Variety - 175 varieties
Breeds of Chicken
Terminology
_ - group of breeding population within a variety or cross that has been developed by a person or organization to have certain desirable characteristic
- example: - _ - Babcock 300, H & N, Hyline “Super Nick”, Lohmann SL, Hi-Sex White, Shaver 2000, ISA White, Dekalb and Bovans
- _ - Hubbard, Hybro G, Peterson, Ross, Cobb Avian, Arbor Acres
- Breed > Variety > Strain
Strain
- example - Layer
- Broiler
Breeds of Chicken
Classes and Breeds
A. _ - Leghorn, Minorca, Andalusian, Ancona
B. _ - Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Wyandotte, Jersey Giant
C. _ - Cornish, Australorp, Sussex, Dorking, Orpington
D. _ - Brahma, Cochin, Langshan
MAEA
Classes and Breeds
A. Mediterranean
B. American
C. English
D. Asiatic
A. Mediterranean Class
- _
- Origin: Italy
- ultimate egg machine (egg type)
- hardy and acceptable, non-broody
- very early maturing
- model of modern egg type strains
- produce M white eggs
- Single Comb White _, Single Comb Brown _, Rose Comb Buff _
A. Mediterranean
1. Leghorn
A. Mediterranean Class
- _
- exhibition fowl
- egg type
- largest of Mediterranean breed
- non-broody, early maturing
- prefers free range
- black, white, buff variety of plummage
- produce XL white eggs
- Single Comb Black _, Rose Comb White _
A. Mediterranean
2. Minorca
A. Mediterranean Class
- _
- mostly non-setter
- egg type
- noisy, adaptable
- dark slate blue variety of plummage
- produce L creamy white eggs
- Single Comb Blue _
A. Mediterranean
3. Andalusian
A. Mediterranean Class
- _
- originally known as Black Leghorn
- mottled feathers
- active and wild, non-broody
- prefers free range
- egg type
- black and white variety of plummage
- produce S white eggs
- Single Comb Mottled _, Rose Comb Mottled _
A. Mediterranean
4. Ancona
B. American Class
- _ _
- meat and egg type (dual purpose)
- docile, broody, robust
- white breed used as commercial broiler cross
- barred (sex-linked), white, buff, partridge variety of plummage
- produces L brown eggs
- Barred _ _, Partridge _ _, White _ _, Buff _ _
B. American Class
1. Plymouth Rock
B. American Class
- _ _
- dual purpose
- from selection of Rhode Island Red breed
- broody, competitive and aggressive, broad body
- red plummage
- produces L brown eggs
- _ _ Red
B. American Class
2. New Hampshire
B. American Class
- _ _
- dual purpose
- has dark pin feathers (best as egg type)
- broody, very hardy and adaptable
- cocks are aggressive
- dark red plummage
- produces L brown eggs
- Single Comb _ _ Red, Rose Comb _ _ Red
B. American Class
3. Rhode Island
B. American Class
- _
- dual purpose
- broody, docile and robust (curvy)
- produce L brown eggs
- White _, Columbian _, Silver Laced _
B. American Class
4. Wyandotte
B. American Class
- _ _
- largest breed in American Class
- dual purpose
- black and white variety of plummage
- produce M brown eggs
- Black _ _, White _ _
B. American Class
5. Jersey Giant
C. English Class
- _
- meat type
- cruel faced, muscular broad body
- short closely adhering feathers
- poor fertility
- active, broody
- white, dark, white laced, red, buff variety of plummage
- produce S brown eggs
- Dark _, White _, Dark and White _ (Bantam)
C. English Class
1. Cornish
C. English Class
- _
- dual purpose
- egg-laying champion
- broody, hardy
- black plummage
- produce tinted M brown eggs
C. English Class
2. Australorp
C. English Class
- _
- dual purpose
- from England
- alert, easy to handle
- good foragers
- red, speckled, light (white) variety of plummage
- produce M-L brown eggs
- Light _, Speckled _
C. English Class
3. Sussex
C. English Class
- _
- dual purpose
- one of the oldest breeds
- white skin not popular
- less hardy, fattens easily, short legged
- silver gray, white variety of plummage
- produce M white eggs
- Rose Comb White _, Single Comb Silver Gray _
C. English Class
4. Dorking
C. English Class
- _
- dual purpose
- loosely feathered (massive appearance)
- docile and can be bullied
- buff, black, white variety of plummage
- produce M-L brown eggs
- Black _, Buff _, White _
C. English Class
5. Orpington
