Exercise 12: Animal Forms Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Identify the common and the scientific name of the model organism used in the experiment.
A
cane toad (Rhinella marina)
2
Q
Describe the skin texture on the ventral side of a cane toad.
A
leathery and soft
3
Q
Describe the skin texture on the dorsal side of the cane toad.
A
pocked with protuberances
4
Q
It refers to the apex of the triangular head.
A
snout
5
Q
It refers to the pair of openings on the snout.
A
nostrils (external nares)
6
Q
It is located at the dorso-lateral side of the head.
A
bulging eyes
7
Q
It is located ventral to the snout.
A
mouth
8
Q
It protects the bulging eyes.
A
upper and lower eyelids
9
Q
It is located posterior to each eye, appearing as a flat, round patch.
A
tympanum (eardrum)
10
Q
It is located at the anterior end of the trunk, posterior and dorsal to the tympanum.
A
parotoid gland
11
Q
It is located at the posterior end of the trunk, which lies between the origin of the legs.
A
cloacal opening
12
Q
Enumerate the 3 segments of the forelimbs.
A
- upper arm
- forearm
- manus
13
Q
Which segment of the forelimb is at the proximal end?
A
upper arm
14
Q
Which segment of the forelimb is distally further?
A
manus
15
Q
The manus is composed of how many segmented digits?
A
4
16
Q
Enumerate the 3 segments of the hindlimbs.
A
- thigh
- shank
- pes
17
Q
Which segment of the hindlimb is at the proximal end?
A
thigh
18
Q
Which segment of the hindlimb is distally further?
A
pes
19
Q
TRUE or FALSE:
The pes of a toad is webbed; the toes are mainly connected by membranous extensions of the skin.
A
True
20
Q
It refers to the central region of a sea star.
A
disc
21
Q
TRUE or FALSE:
Sea stars display a simple pentamerous or five-rayed plan.
A
True
22
Q
It refers to the bottom surface of a sea star.
A
oral side
23
Q
It refers to the top surface of a sea star.
A
aboral side
24
Q
On which side is the mouth of a sea star located?
A
bottom (oral) side
25
On which side is the anus of a sea star located?
top (aboral) side
26
In sea stars, it can open to reveal the sticky tube feet.
ambulacral grooves
27
Compare the locomotory appendages of a toad and an insect.
* toad - arms, legs
* insect - wings
28
Compare the regions where the locomotory appendages of a toad and an insect are attached.
* toad - attached to the trunk
* insect - attached to the thorax
29
Is the internal segmentation in fishes similar to that of earthworms?
No
30
These are thin, transverse flaps of connective tissue found right under the integuments of an earthworm.
septa
31
It divides the body cavity of an earthworm into segments.
septa
32
Enumerate the 4 morphological features.
* symmetry
* regionalization
* segmentation
* appendages
33
It refers to the association of parts with respect to a plane or axis of reference.
symmetry
34
Enumerate the 4 types of symmetry.
* bilateral
* radial
* biradial
* asymmetrical
35
Identify which symmetry is described below:
State of having similar parts that are regularly arranged about the central axis (oral-aboral axis).
radial symmetry
36
Identify which symmetry is described below:
State of having only one plane that divides an organism equally into its left and right halves that are mirror images of each other.
bilateral symmetry
37
Identify which symmetry is described below:
State of having exactly two planes of symmetry.
biradial symmetry
38
Enumerate the 3 axes of reference.
* longitudinal (antero-posterior) axis
* transverse (medio-lateral) axis
* sagittal (dorso-ventral) axis
39
Which axis of reference runs from an animal's head to its tail head?
longitudinal (antero-posterior) axis
40
Which axis of reference runs from the left to the right of an animal.
transverse (medio-lateral) axis
41
Which axis of reference runs from the back of an animal to its belly.
sagittal (dorso-ventral) axis
42
Which plane is formed by the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse axes?
longitudinal plane
43
Which plane is formed by the intersection of the transverse and sagittal axes?
transverse plane
44
Which plane is formed by the intersection of the longitudinal and sagittal axes?
sagittal plane
45
Which plane divides bilateral animals into symmetrical halves?
sagittal plane
46
In bipedal animals, which term is used in place of the longitudinal plane?
coronal plane
47
Enumerate the 8 cardinal directions.
* anterior and posterior
* dorsal and ventral
* medial and lateral
* proximal and distal
48
It refers to the presence of repeating parts, called segments, along the antero-posterior body axis.
segmentation
49
Identify which type of segmentation is described below:
Segmentation is present in the external appearance.
external segmentation
50
Identify which type of segmentation is described below:
Segmentation is observed in the internal organs and the body cavities.
internal segmentation
51
It refers to the condition of having distinct body structures arranged from end to end of an animal.
regionalization
52
It refers to the region where sensory and nervous structures are concentrated.
head
53
It refers to the region that constitutes the rest of the body apart from the head.
trunk
54
It refers to the region that constitutes the rest of the body apart from the head.
trunk
55
Identify the 2 divisions of the trunk
* thorax (anterior)
* abdomen (posterior)
56
It refers to the fused head and thorax.
cephalothorax
57
It allows the head and the trunk to move independently.
neck
58
Are extended outgrowths of the main body axis.
appendages
59
Enumerate examples of cephalic appendages.
* antennae
* eye stalks
* tentacles
* mouthparts
60
TRUE or FALSE:
Cephalic appendages occur only in invertebrates.
True
61
Enumerate examples of locomotory appendages.
* arms
* legs
* wings
* fins
* flippers
* lobopods
62
It refers to the displacement of a multicellular animal as a result of its movement against a medium.
locomotion
63
Enumerate the 3 modes of locomotion of animals without appendages.
* pedal wave locomotion
* peristalsis
* undulatory motion
64
Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Continuous contractions of longitudinal muscles along the ventral surface.
pedal wave locomotion
65
Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
The alternating contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscles throughout the body.
peristalsis
66
Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
The lateral muscles contract in waves from head to tail.
undulatory motion
67
Enumerate the 3 modes of locomotion of animals with appendages.
* pedal locomotion
* swimming
* true flight
68
Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Used by terrestrial animals, using limbs.
pedal locomotion
69
Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Used by aquatic animals, where both the fins and the trunk participate to propel the body or stop its movement.
swimming
70
Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Used by animals to achieve aboveground locomotion, and is facilitated by wings.
true flight
71
Identify the symmetry of an eagle.
bilateral
72
Identify the segmentation of an eagle.
internal
73
Identify the body regions of an eagle.
* head
* neck
* trunk
* tail
74
Identify the appendages of an eagle.
* wings
* feet
75
Identify the modes of locomotion of an eagle.
* true flight
* gliding
* pedal locomotion
76
Identify the segmentation of an earthworm.
internal and external
77
Identify the modes of locomotion of an earthworm.
peristalsis
78
Identify the symmetry of fishes.
bilateral
79
Identify the segmentation of fishes.
internal
80
Identify the body regions of fishes.
* head
* trunk
* tail
81
Identify the appendages of fishes.
fins
82
Identify the modes of locomotion of fishes.
swimming
83
Identify the symmetry of roaches.
bilateral
84
Identify the segmentation of roaches.
internal and external
85
Identify the body regions of roaches.
* head
* thorax
* abdomen
86
Identify the appendages of roaches.
* antennae
* mouth parts
* legs
* wings
87
Identify the modes of locomotion of roaches.
* pedal locomotion
* true flight
88
Identify the symmetry of snails.
asymmetrical
89
Identify the appendages of snails.
* eye stalks
* tentacles
90
Identify the modes of locomotion of snails.
pedal wave locomotion
91
Identify the symmetry of snakes.
bilateral
92
Identify the segmentation of snakes.
internal
93
Identify the body regions of snakes.
* head
* trunk
* tail
94
Identify the modes of locomotion of snakes.
undulatory motion
95
Identify the symmetry of shrimps.
bilateral
96
Identify the segmentation of shrimps.
internal and external
97
Identify the body regions of shrimps.
* cephalothorax
* abdomen
98
Identify the appendages of shrimps.
* antennae
* eye stalks
* mouth parts
* pereiopods
* pleopods
* uropods
