Exercise 16: The Muscular System Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Are contractile structures involved in motion and locomotion.
A
muscles
2
Q
It refers to the fixed end of the skeletal muscle.
A
origin
3
Q
It refers to the movable end of the skeletal muscle.
A
insertion
4
Q
Complete the sentence below:
If the muscle has multiple origins, each one is called the __________.
A
head
5
Q
Complete the sentence below:
If the muscle has multiple insertions, each one is called the __________.
A
slips
6
Q
It is the region between the origin and the insertion.
A
belly
7
Q
TRUE or FALSE:
Muscle parts are determined by their role in muscle contraction.
A
True
8
Q
Are sheets of connective tissue which attach skeletal muscles with each other.
A
fascia
9
Q
Identify examples of fascia.
A
- cord-like tendon
- flat but tough aponeuroses
10
Q
It refers to the movement resulting from muscle contraction.
A
action
11
Q
Complete the sentence below:
Muscles with the same action are called _______________.
A
synergists
12
Q
Complete the sentence below:
Muscles with opposing actions are called _______________.
A
antagonists
13
Q
Identify which action is described below:
straightening of a part
A
extension
14
Q
Identify which action is described below:
bending of a part
A
flexion
15
Q
Identify which action is described below:
bringing the limbs towards the longitudinal axis
A
adduction
16
Q
Identify which action is described below:
drawing the limbs away from the longitudinal axis
A
abduction
17
Q
Identify which action is described below:
raises a structure
A
elevation
18
Q
Identify which action is described below:
brings down a structure
A
depression
19
Q
Identify the 6 common actions.
A
- extension
- flexion
- adduction
- abduction
- elevation
- depression
20
Q
TRUE or FALSE:
The longitudinal muscles of the Ascaris lumbricoides x.s. are immediately beneath the epidermis.
A
True
21
Q
How many pairs of muscles surround the toad’s head?
A
3
22
Q
Identify the pairs of muscles surrounding the toad’s head.
A
- temporalis
- depressor mandibulae
- mylohyoid
23
Q
It is a pair of triangular muscles found dorsally behind each eye.
A
temporalis
24
Q
Origin of the temporalis.
A
mid-dorsal line of the skull
25
Insertion of the temporalis.
posterior region of the mandible
26
Primary function of the temporalis.
acts to raise the mandible
27
It is a large muscle found posterior to the tympanum.
depressor mandibulae
28
Origin of the depressor mandibulae.
mid-dorsal line
29
Insertion of the depressor mandibulae.
angle of the jaw
30
Primary function of the depressor mandibulae.
acts to lower the jaw
31
Are flat muscles found on the ventral surface of the lower jaw.
mylohyoid
32
Origin of the mylohyoid.
median raphe (septum)
33
Insertion of the mylohyoid.
inner surface of the lower jaw
34
Primary function of the mylohyoid.
elevates the floor of the mouth
35
It is a thick layer of connective tissue covering the back of the toad.
lumbo-dorsal fascia
36
It is the muscle on top of the suprascapula.
dorsalis scapulae
37
Origin of the dorsalis scapulae.
suprascapula
38
Insertion of the dorsalis scapulae.
humerus
39
Primary functions of the dorsalis scapulae.
* abducts the forelimb
* rotates the upper arm medially
40
It is the muscle posterior to the dorsalis scapulae.
latissimus dorsi
41
Origin of the latissimus dorsi.
lumbo-dorsal fascia
42
Insertion of the latissimus dorsi.
humerus
43
Primary functions of the latissimus dorsi.
* abducts the forelimb
* slides the upper arm forward
44
It borders the vertebral column.
longissimus dorsi
45
Origin of longissimus dorsi.
urostyle
46
Insertion of longissimus dorsi.
base of the skull
47
Primary functions of the longissimus dorsi.
* elevates the head
* extends the trunk
48
It is a v-shaped muscle lateral to the longissimus dorsi.
coccygeosacralis
49
Origin of the coccygeosacralis.
transverse processes of the sacral vertebra
50
Insertion of the coccygeosacralis.
anterior half of the urostyle
51
Primary function of the coccygeosacralis.
* moves the urostyle dorsally or laterally to aid in locomotion
52
It is a v-shaped muscle lateral to the coccygeosacralis.
coccygeoiliacus
53
Origin of the coccygeoiliacus.
urostyle
54
Insertion of the coccygeoiliacus.
anterior part of the ilium
55
Primary function of the coccygeoiliacus.
moves the ilium dorsally or laterally to aid in locomotion
56
It refers to the largest muscle of the toad arm.
anconeus (triceps brachii)
57
TRUE or FALSE:
The anconeus can be found at the back of the upper arm.
True
58
Enumerate the 3 heads of the anconeus.
* anterior head
* medial head
* lateral head
59
Origin of the anterior head of the anconeus.
posterior border of the scapula
60
Origin of the medial head of the anconeus.
medial side of the humerus
61
Origin of the lateral head of the anconeus.
lateral side of the humerus
62
Insertion of the anconeus.
proximal end of the radio-ulna
63
Primary function of the anconeus
extends the forearm
64
It is a pair of elongated muscles forming the ventral abdominal wall.
rectus abdominus
65
Origin of the rectus abdominus.
pubis
66
Insertion of the rectus abdominus.
xiphisternum
67
It is a thin, longitudinal sheet of connective tissue separating the rectus abdominis.
linea alba (white line)
68
It is a connective tissue septa creating a horizontal segmentation on the rectus abdominis.
inscriptiones tendinae
69
Primary function of the rectus abdominis.
flexes the trunk
70
It is a sheet of muscle that covers each side of the trunk.
external oblique
71
Origin of the external oblique.
lumbo-dorsal fascia
72
Insertion of the external oblique.
aponeurosis under the rectus abdominis
73
Primary function of the external oblique.
compresses the abdomen
74
It is the largest muscle on the chest.
sternoradialis
75
It is a pair of muscles forming a triangle at the apex of the chest.
sternoradialis
76
Origin of the sternoradialis.
sternum
77
Insertion of the sternoradialis.
proximal end of the radio-ulna
78
Primary function of the sternoradialis.
draws the arm forward
79
Are muscles found posterior to the sternoradialis.
pectoralis
80
Identify the 3 heads of the pectoralis.
* anterior head
* middle head
* posterior head
81
Origin of the anterior head of the pectoralis.
anterior half of the sternum
82
Origin of the middle head of pectoralis.
posterior half of the sternum
83
Origin of the posterior head of the pectoralis.
fascia of the rectus abdominis
84
Insertion of the pectoralis.
humerus
85
Primary function of the pectoralis.
adduct and draw the arm forward
86
It is a stout muscle forming the shoulder.
deltoid
87
Complete the sentence below:
The deltoid appears to be a part of the _______________ but can be distinguished by a thin line.
sternoradialis
88
Origin of the deltoid.
sternum and clavicle
89
Insertion of the deltoid.
humerus
90
Complete the sentence below:
The deltoid is synergistic with the _______________.
sternoradialis
91
It is a small, elongated muscle found on the lateral border of the coccygeoiliacus, near the anterior end of the triceps femoris.
gluteus (iliacus externus)
92
Origin of the gluteus.
ilium
93
Insertion of the gluteus.
femur
94
Primary function of the gluteus.
rotates the thigh medially
95
It is a large muscle on the lateral side of the thigh.
triceps femoris
96
Identify the 3 heads of the triceps femoris.
* dorsal head
* ventral head
* middle head
97
Origin of the dorsal head of the triceps femoris.
acetabulum
98
Origin of the ventral head of the triceps femoris.
posterior end of the ilium
99
Origin of the middle head of the triceps femoris.
anterior end of the ilium
100
Insertion of the triceps femoris.
proximal end of the tibio-fibula
101
Primary functions of the triceps femoris.
* extend the shank
* flex the thigh
102
It is found medially on the dorsal side of the thigh.
semimembranosus
103
Insertion of the semimembranosus.
tibio-fibula
104
Origin of the semimembranosus.
ischium and pubis
105
Primary functions of the semimembranosus.
* extends the thigh
* flexes the shank
106
It is a narrow muscle in between the triceps femoris and the semimembranosus.
iliofibularis (biceps femoris)
107
Origin of the iliofibularis.
ilium
108
Insertion of the iliofibularis.
tibio-fibula and femur
109
Primary functions of the iliofibularis.
* extends and adducts the thigh
* flexes the shank
110
It is a superficial long strip of muscle on the thigh.
sartorius
111
Origin of the sartorius.
pubis
112
Insertion of the sartorius.
tibio-fibula
113
Primary function of the sartorius.
flexes the thigh and the shank
114
It is the muscle found medial to the sartorius.
gracilis major
115
Origin of the gracilis major.
ischium
116
Insertion of the gracilis major.
tibio-fibula
117
Primary functions of the gracilis major.
* extends the thigh
* flexes the shank
118
It is a thin flap of muscle found superficial to the gracilis major.
gracilis minor
119
Origin of the gracilis minor.
fascia in the region of the cloacal opening
120
Insertion of the gracilis minor.
tibio-fibula
121
It is a muscle found lateral to the sartorius.
adductor magnus
122
Origin of the adductor magnus.
ischium and pubis
123
Insertion of the adductor magnus.
femur
124
Primary function of the adductor magnus.
adducts the thigh
125
It is the biggest muscle in the shank.
gastrocnemius
126
It is also known as the calf muscle.
gastrocnemius
127
Identify the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius.
* small head
* big head
128
Origin of the small head of the gastrocnemius.
(via a thin tendon) aponeurosis of the knee
129
Origin of the big head of the gastrocnemius.
ligament between the femur and the tibio-fibula
130
Insertion of the gastrocnemius.
tendon of Achilles
131
Primary functions of the gastrocnemius.
* flexes the shank
* extends the foot away from the shank
132
It is a muscle found lateral to the gastrocnemius.
peroneus
133
Origin of the peroneus.
posterior end of the femur
134
Insertion of the peroneus.
posterior end of the tibio-fibula
135
Primary functions of the peroneus.
* extends the shank
* flexes and adducts the foot
136
Identify the 2 muscles that bound the tibio-fibula on each side.
* tibialis anticus (tibialis anterior longus)
* tibialis posticus (tibialis posterior)
137
It is a muscle that appears continuous with the peroneus.
tibialis anticus
138
Origin of the tibialis anticus.
femur
139
Insertion of the tibialis anticus.
two tendons to the tarsals
140
Primary functions of the tibialis anticus.
* extends the shank
* flexes the foot
141
It is a small muscle found in between the tibialis anticus and tibio-fibula.
extensor cruris
142
Origin of the extensor cruris.
femur
143
Insertion of the extensor cruris.
tibio-fibula
144
Primary function of the extensor cruris.
* extends the shank
145
It is a muscle partly hidden beneath the gastrocnemius.
tibialis posterior
146
Origin of the tibialis posterior.
tibio-fibula
147
Insertion of the tibialis posterior.
tarsal bones
148
Primary function of the tibialis posterior.
adducts and extends the foot
