Exercise 17: Gross Anatomy Of The Brain And Cranial Nerves

Question 0

By 4th developmental week, the top/front end of the neural tube expands, constricts, and divides itself into the ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 0

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Question 1

An embryonic structure where the CNS is created

Answer 1

Neural tube

Question 2

The lower segment of the neural tube becomes the ___ ___.

Answer 2

Spinal cord

Question 3

The central canal of the neural tube enlarges in 4 regions of the
brain making chambers called ___.

Answer 3

Ventricles

Question 4

The 4 ventricles of the brain

Answer 4

Two lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle

Question 5

this will grow in the fetal skull and keep the other structures in place

Answer 5

Forebrain

Question 6

Two front outpocketings from the forebrain develop into ___.

Answer 6

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 7

In fetal development, the ___ ___ enlarges to produce the cerebellum.

Answer 7

Dorsal hindbrain

Question 8

Responsible for coordination, balance, and equilibrium of skeletal movements

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

In the cerebellum, the ___ is made of gray matter, and the ___ is white matter.

Answer 9

1. Cortex

2. Medulla

Question 10

Medulla (“tree of life”) is also called ___.

Answer 10

Arbor vitae

Question 11

The dorsal hindbrain is composed of 2 ___ ___.

Answer 11

Lateral hemispheres

Question 12

A half of the brain

Answer 12

Hemisphere

Question 13

Hemisphere responsible for artistic and creative thoughts

Answer 13

Right hemisphere

Question 14

Hemisphere responsible for language skills and speech

Answer 14

Left hemisphere

Question 15

an area in which unfamiliar words are sounded out

Answer 15

Wernicke’s area

Question 16

The Wernicke’s area is located in the ___ hemisphere only.

Answer 16

Left

Question 17

A ridge of the brain

Answer 17

Gyrus (plural: gyri)

Question 18

Shallow groove of the brain

Answer 18

Sulcus (plural- sulci)

Question 19

Deep groove of the brain (also called deep sulcus)

Answer 19

Fissure

Question 20

Divides the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 20

Longitudinal fissure

Question 21

Divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

Answer 21

Central sulcus

Question 22

Separates the temporal lobe from parietal lobe

Answer 22

Lateral sulcus

Question 23

A shallow groove on the sides of each hemisphere that divides the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe

Answer 23

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 24

5 lobes of the brain

Answer 24

1. Frontal lobe 2. Occipital lobe 3. Parietal lobe 4. Temporal lobe 5. Insula (hidden)

Question 25

3 functional areas in the frontal lobe

Answer 25

1. Primary motor area 2. Broca's area 3. Prefrontal cortex

Question 26

Functional area that literally makes you control your movements (skeletal muscle)

Answer 26

Primary motor area

Question 27

The primary motor area is located in the ___ ___ of the frontal lobe.

Answer 27

Precentral gyrus

Question 28

Functional area also known as the motor speech area of the brain; if damaged, you cannot articulate words

Answer 28

Broca's area

Question 29

Functional area responsible for intellect, complex reasoning, and personality

Answer 29

Prefrontal cortex

Question 30

Functional area in the occipital lobe responsible for vision

Answer 30

Visual area

Question 31

2 functional areas in the parietal lobe

Answer 31

1. Primary somatosensory cortex | 2. Somatosensory association area

Question 32

Functional area that picks up body senses such as pressure, pain, and temperature; ex: "This information is coming from my foot."

Answer 32

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 33

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___ ___ of the parietal lobe.

Answer 33

Postcentral gyrus

Question 34

Functional area that analyzes the meaning of the message or stimuli; makes you aware of pain, coldness, and a light touch; ex: "Ouch! I have a pain there!"

Answer 34

Somatosensory association area

Question 35

2 functional areas in the temporal lobe

Answer 35

1. Olfactory area | 2. Auditory association area & primary auditory cortex

Question 36

Functional area dealing with smell

Answer 36

Olfactory area

Question 37

Functional area responsible for sound/hearing analysis

Answer 37

Auditory association area & primary auditory complex

Question 38

"Hidden lobe"; the fifth lobe in each hemisphere that is covered by the other lobes

Answer 38

Insula

Question 39

Band of nervous tissue connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 39

Corpus callosum

Question 40

Outermost gray matter of cerebrum

Answer 40

Cerebral cortex

Question 41

Found deep to the cerebral cortex; composed of fiber tracts carrying impulses to or from the cortex

Answer 41

Cerebral white matter

Question 42

Cluster of neuron cell bodies (islands of gray matter) in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 42

Nuclei

Question 43

Important in regulating voluntary motor activities

Answer 43

Basal ganglia (aka basal nuclei)

Question 44

Basal ganglia examples include the ___ ___ and ___ ___ (sometimes collectively called the ___ ___).

Answer 44

1. Caudate nucleus 2. Lentiform nucleus 3. Corpus striatum

Question 45

Synapse point of cranial nerve I

Answer 45

Olfactory bulbs

Question 46

Cranial nerve II

Answer 46

Optic nerves

Question 47

Where the fibers of the optic nerves partially cross over

Answer 47

Optic chiasma

Question 48

Part of the diencephalon responsible for relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception

Answer 48

Thalamus

Question 49

Part of the diencephalon responsible for regulating homeostasis

Answer 49

Hypothalamus

Question 50

The hypothalamus links the ___ system and ___ system.

Answer 50

1. Nervous | 2. Endocrine

Question 51

In the diencephalon, an endocrine gland responsible for bringing about hormonal changes to the body

Answer 51

Pituitary gland

Question 52

The pituitary gland hangs below the ___ by a stalk called the ___.

Answer 52

1. Hypothalamus | 2. Infundibulum

Question 53

Part of the diencephalon that secretes melatonin, which helps with regular sleep cycles

Answer 53

Pineal gland

Question 54

In the diencephalon, knotlike collections of capillaries within each ventricle that form CSF

Answer 54

Choroid plexus

Question 55

Forms a watery cushion that protects the delicate brain against blows to the head; similar to plasma

Answer 55

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 56

The brainstem contains the ___ and the ___ ___

Answer 56

1. Midbrain | 2. Fourth ventricle

Question 57

Means "bridge"; in the brainstem, consists of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with lower CNS centers

Answer 57

Pons

Question 58

Lowest brainstem region; composed of fiber tracts; houses many vital autonomic centers involved in the control of heart rate, respiratory rhythm, and blood pressure and involuntary centers involved in vomiting and swallowing.

Answer 58

Medulla oblongata

Question 59

In the brainstem, a slender canal traveling through the midbrain

Answer 59

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 60

Protective tissue coverings of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 60

Meninges (singular: meninx)

Question 61

The 3 meninges

Answer 61

1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid 3. Pia mater

Question 62

Outermost meninx; double-layered membrane

Answer 62

Dura mater

Question 63

3 parts of the dura mater

Answer 63

1. Periosteal layer 2. Dural sinus 3. Meningeal layer

Question 64

Weblike middle meninx

Answer 64

Arachnoid mater

Question 65

Separates arachnoid mater from dura mater

Answer 65

Subdural space

Question 66

Separates arachnoid mater from pia mater

Answer 66

Subarachnoid space

Question 67

The subarachnoid space is filled with ___ ___.

Answer 67

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 68

Protrude through dura mater to allow the cerebrospinal fluid to drain back into venous circulation

Answer 68

Arachnoid villi

Question 69

Innermost meninx; delicate layer; highly vascular and clings to the surface of the brain

Answer 69

Pia mater