Final Practical (Lab 8 Portion)

Question 0

5 nerves of the brachial plexus

Answer 0

1. Axillary nerve
2. Radial nerve
3. Musculocutaneous nerve
4. Median nerve
5. Ulnar nerve

Question 1

The 4 groups of plexuses

Answer 1

1. Cervical plexus
2. Brachial plexus
3. Lumbar plexus
4. Sacral plexus

Question 2

2 nerves of the lumbar plexus

Answer 2

1. Femoral nerve

2. Obturator nerve

Question 3

Nerve of the cervical plexus

Answer 3

Phrenic nerve

Question 4

Nerve of the sacral plexus

Answer 4

Sciatic nerve

Question 5

The cylindrical continuation of the brain stem that provides neural pathways throughout the body

Answer 5

Spinal cord

Question 6

The spinal cord is located within the vertebral canal of the spinal column and held in place by ____ ____.

Answer 6

Denticulate ligaments

Question 7

The spinal cord ranges from the foramen magnum to its terminal end called the ____ ____.

Answer 7

Conus medullaris

Question 8

CSF-filled meninges go beyond the ____ ____, allowing a good placement for a lumbar tap

Answer 8

Conus medullaris

Question 9

L3-L5 is a significant area for what 2 things?

Answer 9

1. Lumbar tap

2. Anesthesia for childbirth

Question 10

____ ____ of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral foramina to serve the body at different regions

Answer 10

31 pairs

Question 11

Since the spinal cord doesn’t fully extend through the vertebral column, the spinal nerves emerging from the inferior end of the cord (____ ____) must travel through the vertebral canal for some distance before exiting at the appropriate foramina.

Answer 11

Cauda equina

Question 12

The first pair of spinal nerves leaves the vertebral canal between the base of the ____ and the ____, but all the rest exit by the ____ ____.

Answer 12

1. Occiput and atlas

2. Intervertebral foramina

Question 13

First through seventh pairs of cervical nerves emerge ____ the vertebra for which they are named.

Answer 13

Above

Question 14

C8 emerges between the ____ and ____ vertebrae.

Answer 14

C7 and T1

Question 15

All spinal nerves below C8 emerge from the spinal cord ____ the same-numbered vertebra.

Answer 15

Below

Question 16

Each spinal nerve divides into the ____ and ____ ____.

Answer 16

Dorsal and ventral rami

Question 17

Each of the rami contains both ____ and ____ fibers.

Answer 17

Sensory and motor

Question 18

These rami serve the skin and muscles of the posterior body trunk

Answer 18

Dorsal rami

Question 19

These rami pass anteriorly as the intercostal nerves to supply intercostal muscles and skin and muscles of anterior and lateral trunk

Answer 19

Ventral rami of spinal nerves T2 and T12

Question 20

Subdivision of the PNS which regulates the body activities that are involuntary

Answer 20

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 21

3 parts of the body served by the ANS

Answer 21

1. Heart
2. Smooth muscle found in organs and blood vessels
3. Internal glands

Question 22

2 major functional subdivisions of ANS

Answer 22

1. Sympathetic NS

2. Parasympathetic NS

Question 23

Fight or flight

Answer 23

Sympathetic NS

Question 24

Rest and digest

Answer 24

Parasympathetic NS

Question 25

A rapid, predictable response that occurs in response to a stimulus

Answer 25

Reflex

Question 26

A reflex happens over a ____ ____ (a neural pathway)

Answer 26

Reflex arc

Question 27

5 components of a reflex arc

Answer 27

1. Receptor 2. Sensory neuron 3. Integration center 4. Motor neuron 5. Effector

Question 28

Site of a stimulus action

Answer 28

Receptor

Question 29

Brings afferent impulses towards CNS

Answer 29

Sensory neuron

Question 30

Consists of one or more neurons in the CNS

Answer 30

Integration center

Question 31

Conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector organ

Answer 31

Motor neuron

Question 32

Muscle fibers or glands; responds to efferent impulses (contracting or secreting)

Answer 32

Effector

Question 33

2 types of cranial nerve reflex tests

Answer 33

1. Corneal reflex | 2. Gag reflex

Question 34

A reflex tested by using a cotton tip applicator and touching the cornea with it to notice blinking

Answer 34

Corneal reflex

Question 35

The corneal reflex is done through the ____ nerve, also known as cranial nerve ____.

Answer 35

1. Trigeminal | 2. V

Question 36

The absence of the corneal reflex correlates to ____ ____ damage due to ____ ____ or ____.

Answer 36

1. Brain stem | 2. Brain compression or trauma

Question 37

In this reflex, when the uvula is stroked, each side of the mucosa should rise equally

Answer 37

Gag reflex

Question 38

The gag reflex tests cranial nerves ____ and ____.

Answer 38

IX and X

Question 39

Reflexes that occur through the ANS; we are not usually aware of them

Answer 39

Autonomic reflexes

Question 40

3 parts of the body that autonomic reflexes activate

Answer 40

1. Smooth muscles 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Glands of the body

Question 41

Autonomic reflexes also help with regulating ____ ____.

Answer 41

Body functions

Question 42

2 types of autonomic reflexes

Answer 42

1. Pupillary reflex | 2. Ciliospinal reflex

Question 43

A reflex that allows the iris to constrict when light is shined into the eye

Answer 43

Pupillary reflex

Question 44

Pupillary reflexes involve these cranial nerves

Answer 44

II and III

Question 45

In a pupillary reflex, if you shine a light into one eye, the other eye also constricts. This is called a ____ ____.

Answer 45

Contralateral response

Question 46

A reflex which involves gently stroking or pinching the skin (or just the hairs) on the left side of the back of the subject's neck close to the hairline

Answer 46

Ciliospinal reflex

Question 47

In a ciliospinal reflex, you should see ____ ____ on the ____ eye. This is due to a ____ nervous system stimulation.

Answer 47

1. Pupillary dilation 2. Left 3. Sympathetic