Exercise: Benefits vs Risks Flashcards
How does exercise training alter insulin action?
improves insulin signalling, increased GLUT4 expression, increased hexokinase and glycogen synthase action, increased muscle mitochondria, higher insulin stimulated muscle blood flow, increased capillary density, increased NO/NOS vasodilation in response to insulin stimulation
What are two ways that muscular exercise has effects on other tissues?
exercise training not only increases expression of GLUT4 in the muscles but also in fat cells and exercise training will also decrease de novo lipogenesis in the liver
How does insulin resistance cause dislipidaemia?
if insulin resistant then not as much glucose is taken up in the liver so there is de novo lipogenesis which results in dislipidaemia
What is the effect of exercise on HDL cholesterol?
regular exercise is associated with higher levels of HDL due to changes in lipoprotein lipase in the muscle
What is the effect of exercise on visceral obesity?
exercise causes a dose response reduction in abdominal circumference
What is the effect of exercise on blood pressure?
exercise has a hypotensive effect
What are myokines?
molecules released by contracting muscle which have endocrine function e.g. reduce production of adipokines
What cytokine is released in exercise and what are its predicted effects?
IL-6 - causes lipolysis, glycogenolysis, fat oxidation
What are the risks associated with exercise?
sudden cardiac death, exercise induced bronchospasm, musculoskeletal injury, delayed onset muscle soreness, exertional rhabdomyolosis, exertional hyperthermia/hypothermia, proteinuria
What factors of exercise increase the risk of a cardiovascular event?
increased sympathetic activity, sodium potassium imbalance leading to hyperkalaemia, increased HR and BP, increased oxygen requirement of the heart
