Exercise Physiology: Muscle, Fuels and Fatigue

Question 1

Which muscle type is slow twitch?

Answer 1

type I

Question 2

Which muscle type has more mitochondria?

Answer 2

type I

Question 3

Which muscle type has the highest capillary density?

Answer 3

type I

Question 4

What percentage of muscle is type I?

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

How does training alter muscle fibre types?

Answer 5

endurance training turns type II fibres into type I fibres

Question 6

What happens in resistance training?

Answer 6

increase in strength quickly because of neuromuscular changes and then over time a more gradual muscle hypertrophy

Question 7

What transcription factor is activated in bed rest?

Answer 7

Foxo - leads to protein degradation and muscle atrophy

Question 8

What are the mitochondrial adaptations to exercise?

Answer 8

increased mitochondrial density, increased oxidative enzymes, reduced lactate production, increased fat oxidation, improved insulin action

Question 9

What is the role of creatine phosphate?

Answer 9

donates a phosphate to ADP to make ATP anaerobically

Question 10

What is the power and capacity of creatine phosphate?

Answer 10

high power, low capacity

Question 11

What is the power and capacity of glycolysis?

Answer 11

high power, low capacity

Question 12

What is the power and capacity of carbohydrate oxidation?

Answer 12

medium power, medium capacity

Question 13

What is the power and capacity of FFA oxidation?

Answer 13

low power, high capacity

Question 14

What fuels are used for sprinting?

Answer 14

ATP, creatine phosphate and glycolysis (glycogen to lactate)

Question 15

What fuels are used for endurance exercise?

Answer 15

carbohydrate and fat

Question 16

What factors influence exercise metabolism?

Answer 16

exercise intensity and duration, diet, training, environmental temperature, age, gender

Question 17

What is fatigue?

Answer 17

the inability to maintain the required or expected force or power output - reversed by rest

Question 18

How can drugs like caffeine increase performance?

Answer 18

by reducing the conscious perception of muscle fatigue

Question 19

What causes skeletal muscle fatigue?

Answer 19

ROS, metabolic byproducts, inorganic phosphate, ADP, acidosis, electrolyte imbalances - all of these will effect contraction of the muscle

Question 20

How does carbohydrate ingestion improve exercise capacity?

Answer 20

the more glycogen you have the longer you can exercise before fatigue

Question 21

Why do you fatigue?

Answer 21

protective against hyperthermia and death