Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 1

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but merely converted from one form to another.

Answer 1

First law of thermodynamics

Question 2

The point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources. Fats usage at 50%

Answer 2

Ventilatory threshold 1

Question 3

The point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity. *Due to slow fat metabolism

Answer 3

Ventilatory threshold 2

Question 4

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

Answer 4

Triglyceride or free fatty acids

Question 5

Water-soluble molecules produced in the liver as a result of fatty acid oxidation. They can then be oxidized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 5

Ketone bodies

Question 6

A state of carbohydrate depletion where the liver manufactures ketone bodies to meet energy demands that free fatty acid oxidation cannot support.

Answer 6

Ketosis

Question 7

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate is formed.

Answer 7

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 8

The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, such as in the transfer of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate to create adenosine triphosphate. The process from ADP to ATP

Answer 8

Phosphorylation

Question 9

An energy system that provides energy very rapidly, for approximately 10–15 seconds, via anaerobic metabolism.

Answer 9

ATP-PC System

Question 10

Processes relating to the absence of oxygen.

Answer 10

Anaerobic

Question 11

A metabolic process that occurs in the cytosol of a cell that converts glucose into pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 11

Glycolysis

Question 12

A series of reactions inside the mitochondria that uses oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 12

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

The breakdown of amino acids into substrates that can be used for energy metabolism.

Answer 13

Deamination

Question 14

A series of protein complexes that transfer protons and electrons received from the citric acid cycle through a series of reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 14

Electron transport chain (ETC)

Question 15

Also known as the Krebs cycle, which leads to the creation of a few ATP molecules and the waste product of carbon dioxide.

Answer 15

Citric acid cycle (CAC)

Question 16

The first step in the process to break down fats via oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer 16

Beta-oxidation

Question 17

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Answer 17

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)