The Cardiorespiratory, Endocrine, and Digestive Systems

Question 1

The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body.

Answer 1

Expiration

Question 2

The process of contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.

Answer 2

Inspiration

Question 3

A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.

Answer 3

Valsalva maneuver

Question 4

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.

Answer 5

Tachypnea

Question 6

Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per minute.

Answer 6

Bradypnea

Question 7

Shortness of breath or labored breathing.

Answer 7

Dyspnea

Question 8

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

Answer 8

Lipolysis

Question 9

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

Answer 9

Enzyme

Question 10

A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.

Answer 11

Pineal gland

Question 12

An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.

Answer 12

Pancreas

Question 13

An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.

Answer 13

Pituitary gland

Question 14

An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin.

Answer 14

Thyroid

Question 15

A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.

Answer 15

Adrenal glands

Question 16

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.

Answer 17

Glucagon

Question 18

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate. (i.e. carbs or fats)

Answer 18

Substrates

Question 19

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.

Answer 19

Glycogen

Question 20

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 20

Catecholamines

Question 21

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.

Answer 21

Catabolic

Question 22

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

Answer 22

Anabolic

Question 23

Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density.

Answer 23

Calcitonin

Question 24

________________________, defined as the increase in metabolic rate after ingestion of a meal

Answer 24

Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Question 25

In the digestive system, refers to movements of the anatomical structures that allow contents to pass through.

Answer 25

Motility

Question 26

The muscle action of the gastrointestinal system that pushes food through the body during digestion.

Answer 26

Peristalsis

Question 27

The act of taking food, liquid, or other substances into the body in preparation for digestion.

Answer 27

Ingestion