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A level PE > Exercise Physiology 1.2c > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology 1.2c Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Injury?

A

-Happen suddenly after a stress to the body

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2
Q

Example of Acute Injury

A

-Fractured eye socket

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3
Q

Hard Tissue Injury?

A

-Damage to the bone, joint, cartilage

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4
Q

What is a Fracture? (Hard Tissue Injury)

A

-Partial or Complete break

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5
Q

Simple (Closed) Fracture?

A

-Skin remains unbroken

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6
Q

Compound (Open) Fracture?

A

-Where bone breaks through skin

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7
Q

Signs of a Fracture?

A
  • Deformity
  • Swelling
  • Discolouration
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8
Q

Symptoms of a Fracture?

A
  • Pain

- Inability to move injured area

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9
Q

What is Dislocation? (Hard Tissue Injury)

A

-Occurs from direct force (collision) or indirect force (a fall) pushing joint past extreme motion

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10
Q

What is Subluxation?

A

-Causes damage to ligaments and increases likelihood of recurrent dislocations

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11
Q

Signs of a Dislocation?

A
  • Deformity

- Swelling and Discolouration

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12
Q

Symptoms of Dislocation?

A
  • May feel a ‘pop’
  • Severe Pain
  • Loss of Movement
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13
Q

What is a Soft Tissue Injury?

A

-Involves damage to the skin, muscles, tendon

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14
Q

What is Contusion? (Soft tissue Injury)

A
  • Contusion is a bruise to the area of skin where blood vessels have became damaged
  • Can cause Haematoma
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15
Q

What is Haematoma? (Soft tissue Injury)

A

-Internal Bleeding, ranging from minor bruises

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16
Q

Signs of Contusion/Haematoma?

A
  • Swelling

- Discolouration

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17
Q

Symptoms of Contusion/Haemotoma?

A

-Pain (a touch in a minor case)

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18
Q

What is a Sprain? (Soft tissue Injury)

A

-Overstretch or tear in ligament

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19
Q

Sign of a sprain?

A
  • Swelling

- Bruising

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20
Q

Symptoms of a Sprain?

A
  • Inability to bear weight

- Pain

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21
Q

What is a Strain (Soft Tissue Injury)

A

-Overstretch or tear in muscle or tendon

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22
Q

Signs of a Strain?

A
  • Swelling

- Bruising

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23
Q

Symptoms of a Strain?

A

-Pain on Movement

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24
Q

What is Abrasion? (Soft tissue Injury)

A
  • Caused by falling/slipping

- Superficial damage to skin caused by scraping surface

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25
Blister
-Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms
26
Concussion
-Traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain functions
27
Rupture
-A complete tear or muscle, tendon, ligament
28
What is Concussion?
-Traumatic brain injury resulting in disturbance of brain function
29
Signs of Concussion?
- Possible post-traumatic seizure - Loss of Consciousness - Balance Problems
30
Symptoms of Concussion?
- Lying motionless/slow to get up - Headache dizziness - Visual Problems
31
Chronic Injuries
-Develop repeated continued stress on body
32
Stress Fracture (Hard tissue Injury)
-A tiny crack in the surface of a bone
33
Shin Splints (Soft tissue Injury)
-chronic shin pain due to inflammation of the muscles
34
Tendinosis (Soft tissue Injury)
-The detierioration of a tendon in response to overuse
35
Signs of Tendinosis?
-Limited movements
36
Symptoms of Tendinosis
-Burning/Stinging/Aching
37
What is an Intrinsic Risk Factor?
-Force inside the body
38
What is an Extrinsic Risk Factor?
-Force outside the body
39
Intrinsic Risk Factors?
- Previous injury - Age - Nutrition - Poor Preparation
40
Extrinsic Risk Factors?
- Poor Technique and Training - Incorrect clothing - Warm Up/Cool Down effectiveness
41
4 Reasons why Warm Ups are used?
1) Raising Body Temperature 2) Preparing body Physiologically 3) Preparing body Psychologically 4) Minimising risk of Injury
42
Effect of Warm Up - Raising Body Temperature?
-rise of 2-3 degrees increases enzyme activity, diffusion gradients, metabolic activity
43
Effect of Warm Up - Preparing body Physiologically?
-Increases Elasticity of Muscles, tendons, ligaments
44
Effect of Warm Up - Preparing body Psychologically?
-Mentally Performers are ready for task ahead
45
Effect of Warm Up - Minimising risk of Injury?
-Less likely to suffer strains/sprains
46
Key Features of a Warm Up?
- Lasts 20-45 Mins - Gradually increases in intensity - Pulse Raising/Stretching/Mobility
47
3 Reasons why Cool Downs are used?
1) Maintaining Heart Rate 2) Aiding removal of lactic acid 3) Aiding healing process
48
Effect of Cool Down - Maintaining Heart Rate?
-maintain blood flow and metabolic activity
49
Effect of Cool Down - Aiding removal of lactic acid
-enhancing future performances
50
Effect of Cool Down - Aiding healing process
-Helps heal
51
Key Features of a Cool Down?
- Lasts 20-30 Minutes - Gradually decreases in intensity - Several stages - moderate intensity, maintain HR
52
Debates of Warm Up and Cool Down
- has no effect on injury prevention - May reduce peak force - Reduces eccentric strength by 9%
53
What is SALTAPS
-Protocol for assessment of sporting injury
54
SALTAPS
``` STOP ASK LOOK TOUCH ACTIVE MOVEMENT PASSIVE MOVEMENT STRENGTH TESTING ```
55
What is PRICE
-Protocol for treatment of acute injuries
56
PRICE
- PROTECT - REST - ICE - COMPRESS - ELEVATE
57
What is Six R's
-Protocol for recognition of concussion
58
Six R's
- RECOGNISE - REMOVE - REFER - REST - RECOVER - RETURN
59
What is Rehabilitation?
-process of restoring full function after injury has occurred
60
3 stages of Rehabilitation?
1) Early Stage - gentle exercise 2) Mid Stage - progressive loading of connective tissues 3) Late Stage - functional exercises and drills
61
Treatment of a Simple Fracture?
- Medical Attention ASAP - PRICE - Immobilisation - NSAIDS
62
What is NSAIDS?
-medication taken to reduce inflammation temperature and pain
63
Physiotherapy?
-Physical treatment of injuries and diseases using treatment, massages
64
Treatment of a Stress Fracture?
- Medical Attention required - PRICE - Rest for 2 weeks
65
Treatment for Dislocation?
- Medical Attention ASAP - Immobilisation - PRICE
66
Treatment for Sprain?
- Medical Attention - PRICE - Exercise to strengthen
67
Treatment for Torn Cartilage?
- Medical Attention - PRICE - Physiotherapy
68
Treatment for Exercise?
- Cold Therapy | - Massage
69
Arthroscopy?
-Minimal invasive procedure to examine and repair damage within a joint
70
Massage?
-Physical therapy used for injury prevention and soft tissue injury treatment
71
Cold Therapy?
-Applying ice or cold to an injury for therapeutic effect

A level PE (13 decks)

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