Exercise Physiology

Question 1

what is the basic unit of skeletal muscle?

Answer 1

sarcomere

Question 2

in generation of energy from the creatine phosphate system, the ATP and creatine phosphate are located in what portion of the sarcomere?

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

pyruvate can be utilized to form what other substrate other than ATP?

Answer 3

lactate

Question 4

what is meant by acute and chronic training load in terms of duration studied?

Answer 4

acute - 7 days
chronic - 28 days

Question 5

when calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it binds to what structure?

Answer 5

troponin

Question 6

which structure blocks myosin from binding to actin at rest?

Answer 6

tropomyosin

Question 7

what reaction is responsible for the myosin head “recocking” after a cross bridge is finished?

Answer 7

partial hydrolysis of a new ATP into ADP and Pi

Question 8

the action potential travels from the neuromuscular junction to what structure first and then what structure second?

Answer 8

sarcolemma first and then the T-tubules

Question 9

what does FITT-VP stand for in terms of exercise prescription?

Answer 9

frequency
intensity
time
type
volume
progression

Question 10

consistent aerobic exercise decreases vagal tone and increases vasodilation partially through lowering what neurotransmitter in the plasma?

Answer 10

norepinephrine

Question 11

in general when should you consider pre-exercise stress testing?

Answer 11

when you have concern for s/s of CVD

Question 12

BP should be under what value before starting an exercise program?

Answer 12

< 180/105

Question 13

which class of anti-HTN medication is the least likely to cause negative effects on exercise tolerance?

Answer 13

ACEi/ARB

Question 14

t/f exercise causes OA in previously normal joints

Answer 14

false

Question 15

describe central vs. local adaptations to aerobic training

Answer 15

central - cardiorespiratory fitness
local - muscle metabolic

Question 16

which equation characterizes the central adaptation components to aerobic training?

Answer 16

CO = HR x SV

Question 17

when comparing vo2 max and local muscle metabolic changes with exercise, which is more important for improving athletic performance?

Answer 17

muscle local metabolic changes

Question 18

metabolic syndrome patients have dysfunction of what cellular component?

Answer 18

mitochondria

Question 19

what is the only mechanism known to stimulate and maintain proper mitochondrial function?

Answer 19

regular exercise

Question 20

fatty acyl coa is transported across the mitochondrial membrane by what enzyme?

Answer 20

CPT-1

Question 21

once inside the mitochondrial matrix, fatty acyl coa undergoes what process?

Answer 21

beta oxidation

Question 22

fat is the preferred fuel up until exercise intensities of what percentage of vo2 max?

Answer 22

55-75%

Question 23

which amino acid is synethesized in skeletal muscle and sent to the liver to be converted to glucose?

Answer 23

alanine

Question 24

how does H+ interfere mechanically with muscle contraction?

Answer 24

competes for Ca binding sites on troponin

Question 25

t/f H+ increases may decrease Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what is the most important gluconeogenic precursor in the body?

Answer 26

lactate

Question 27

up to what percentage of glucose utilized during exercise is derived from lactate?

Answer 27

30%

Question 28

what physiologic process is the most important capacity in endurance athlete performance?

Answer 28

lactate clearance

Question 29

how does aerobic capacity/vo2 max compare with lactate threshold in endurance?

Answer 29

vo2 max is largely genetic and minimally affected by training Lactate threshold is highly trainable

Question 30

the lactate generated by type 11 muscle fibers is primarily utilized where during exercise?

Answer 30

slow twitch muscle fiber mitochondria

Question 31

why is it important to train slow twitch instead of just focusing on training at lactate threshold?

Answer 31

the slow twitch fibers mLOC pathway in mitochondria clear lactate and therefore improve endurance performance

Question 32

what is the level of exercise intensity that contractile force in muscle begin to shut down?

Answer 32

lactate threshold

Question 33

what endurance term refers to using lower oxygen and caloric use to perform the same amount of work?

Answer 33

economy

Question 34

what are the two components of workload in terms of endurance athletics?

Answer 34

1. volume 2. intensity

Question 35

simply put, what is lactate threshold?

Answer 35

the point during exercise at which the body's ability to clear lactate is less than the production of lactate

Question 36

a minimum of how many sessions of resistance exercise per week is needed for improvement?

Answer 36

two