Pelvis and Thigh

Question 1

what is the insertion of the semimembranosus?

Answer 1

posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle

Question 2

where does the short head of the biceps femoris originate

Answer 2

linea aspera of the femur

Question 3

what is the insertion of the long head of the biceps femoris?

Answer 3

fibular head

Question 4

what nerve innervates the semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris long head?

Answer 4

tibial branch of the sciatic nerve

Question 5

what is the difference between grade 2 and grade 3 hamstring muscle injury?

Answer 5

grade 2 - less than 50% of width of tendon / muscle
grade 3 - more than 50% of width of tendon/muscle

Question 6

the examiner places the patient’s heel on an elevated surface and the patient reaches for the toes, experiences pain. what is the test and what does it signify?

Answer 6

puranen-Orava test - hamstring tendinopathy / strain

Question 7

with the patient supine, the hip and knee are maximally flexed and knee is extended. what is the test and if pain occurs, what does it signify?

Answer 7

bent knee stretch test - hamstring tendinopathy / strain

Question 8

partial hamstring tears will show increased signal on what mri image?

Answer 8

t2 weighted images increased signal

Question 9

what is the recommended treatment for the first 4 weeks for most hamstring injuries?

Answer 9

rest, activity modification, protected weight bearing

Question 10

single tendon hamstring tears are generally managed in what way?

Answer 10

conservatively

Question 11

2 tendon tears with < 2cm retraction of the hamstrings are generally managed in what way?

Answer 11

conservatively

Question 12

what is the general time for healing for a hamstring injury?

Answer 12

6 weeks

Question 13

what interventional treatment has evidence for high level athletes with acute hamstring strain?

Answer 13

PRP injection

Question 14

in a hamstring injury with pain during sitting, what should be considered?

Answer 14

proximal avulsion

Question 15

for proximal avulsion ruptures of the hamstring tendons, what is the general treatment?

Answer 15

operative tendon repair

Question 16

how long can a partial avulsion hamstring injury be treated conservatively before operative treatment if there are persistent symptoms?

Answer 16

6 months

Question 17

what is the origin of the sartorius?

Answer 17

ASIS

Question 18

the LFCN can be trapped near what bony structure?

Answer 18

ASIS

Question 19

what bony structure separates that greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 19

ischial spine

Question 20

what is the origin of the rectus femoris?

Answer 20

AIIS

Question 21

obturator externus and internus pass through which opening of the pelvis?

Answer 21

lesser sciatic notch/ foramen

Question 22

the piriformis muscle, pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve and superior gluteal nerve pass through which opening of the pelvis?

Answer 22

greater sciatic foramen

Question 23

which two structures are superior to the piriformis when passing through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 23

superior gluteal artery and nerve

Question 24

what three muscles are innervated by superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 24

TFL, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Question 25

the gluteus medius attaches to what facet of the greater trochanter?

Answer 25

posterior

Question 26

what is a shared action of the TFL, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

Answer 26

internal rotation of the hip

Question 27

gluteus minimus attaches to what facet of the greater trochanter?

Answer 27

anterior facet

Question 28

the gluteus maximus is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 28

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 29

the femoral and obturator nerves arise from what nerve roots?

Answer 29

L2-L4

Question 30

the lumbar plexus is formed by the ventral rami of which nerve roots?

Answer 30

L1-L4

Question 31

which nerve provides motor innervation to the cremaster muscle?

Answer 31

genitofemoral

Question 32

which nerve lies between the psoas and iliacus?

Answer 32

femoral nerve

Question 33

the sacral plexus lies on the anterior side of which muscle?

Answer 33

piriformis

Question 34

which nerve exits through the greater sciatic foramen and reenters the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 34

pudendal nerve

Question 35

what ligament attaches to the ischial spine and separates the lesser from greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 35

sacrospinous ligament

Question 36

which nerve runs medial to the sciatic nerve just below the piriformis?

Answer 36

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 37

the external iliac artery becomes what artery just below the inguinal ligament?

Answer 37

femoral artery

Question 38

what is Ely's test?

Answer 38

patient prone, passive flexion of the knee, if the hip flexes, this is positive for rectus femoris tension

Question 39

the adductor magnus is innervated by what two nerves?

Answer 39

obturator and sciatic

Question 40

the obturator nerve exits through which opening of the pelvis?

Answer 40

obturator canal

Question 41

what nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris?

Answer 41

common peroneal

Question 42

in adults, what artery supplies most of the blood to the femoral head?

Answer 42

medial femoral circumflex artery