Experimental tools and techniques

Question 1

what is the advantage of using monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 1

eliminates the disadvantage of the unpredictable cross-reactivities of polyclonal antibodies.

do not alter with time since they are a product of single, stimulated B cell.

Question 2

What is used for fusion selection of partners to avoid myeloma-myeloma hybrids survival?

Answer 2

HGPRT and aminopetrin

Question 3

hemagglutination is

Answer 3

when antibodies bind on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs)

Question 4

disapperance of the button in hemaggultination inhibition assays indicates

Answer 4

decreased levels of anti-viral antibodies to generate crosslinks ie. amount of antibody and antigens are not balanced

Question 5

ELISA stands for ____ and makes use of ?

Answer 5

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and makes use of antibodies covalently bound to enzymes.
enzyme activity to cataclyze the conversion of s substarte into a colored product. Measuring the product helps quantify amount of protein.

Question 6

indirect ELISA measures

Answer 6

antibody and its concentration by adding serum containing primary antibody to am antigen-coated microtiter to bind to antigen->free AB1 is washed away->enzyme-conjugated antibody added to detect antibody-bound atigen-> Free AB2 is washed ->enzyme substrate is added-> amount of colour measured

Question 7

sandwich ELISA measure

Answer 7

Antigen

Question 8

competitive ELISA measures

Answer 8

antigen levels in pre-incubation solution

Question 9

ELISPOT detects

Answer 9

proteins secreted by cells.
1) incubate antigen -secreting cell in antibody coated well
2)remove cells by washing. secreted protein is captured by the immobllized antibody
3)biotinylated antibody added
4)alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin
5)Following removal of excess detecting antibody, a color-changing substrate was added and allowed to develop.

Question 10

Flow cytometry

Answer 10

analytical technique that quantifies the frequency of cells bound by fluorescent antibodies or other probes

Question 11

The granulocytes include

Answer 11

Neutrophils, Eosinophil, basophil, mast cells

Question 12

neutrophils

Answer 12

phagocyte, polymorphonuclear, first sitr of infection, migrates from blood to tissue

Question 13

Eosinophil

Answer 13

phagocyte, migrating cell type
role in allergy

Question 14

Eosinophil

Answer 14

phagocyte, migrating cell type
role in allergy

Question 15

basophil

Answer 15

non-phagocytic, releases substances from granules and has a major role in allergy

Question 16

mast cells

Answer 16

found in tissues, contain cytoplasmic granules and has a major role in allergy

Question 17

fluroescence activate cell sorting detects cells by

Answer 17

charge

Question 18

inbred mouse strain

Answer 18

genetically identical
produced by 20 generations of sister-brother mating

Question 19

cre/lox mice

Answer 19

delete genes in an organ/cell specific manner

Question 20

exogenous mice

Answer 20

express an exogenous gene