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History > Explorers > Flashcards

Explorers Flashcards

1
Q

Where was (Christopher) Columbus born?

A

Genoa, Italy

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2
Q

Where did Columbus learn to navigate?

A

Portugal

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3
Q

What explorer’s writings inspired Columbus to want to go to Asia?

A

Marco Polo

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4
Q

How long did it take Columbus to convince European leaders to support his plan to sail west to Asia, and who finally backed him?

A

10 years and King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

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5
Q

How far did Columbus estimate Japan was from the Canary Islands, and how far was it really?

A

estimated: 2500 miles
actual: over 10,000 miles

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6
Q

What were the names of Columbus’s 3 ships?

A

Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

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7
Q

How many crewmen did Columbus have with him?

A

90

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8
Q

How many days did Columbus sail and where did he land?

A

70 days. he landed on San Salvador in the Bahamas

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9
Q

Besides gold, what else did Columbus promise to bring back to Ferdinand and Isabella?

A

slaves “as many slaves as they ask”

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10
Q

What happened to the men Columbus left on Hispaniola after his first voyage to the New World?

A

They abused the local Indians and were killed

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11
Q

What happened to Columbus in 1500?

A

he was removed as governor, died as prisoner in Spain

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12
Q

Where was Vasco da Gama from?

A

Portugal

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13
Q

Da Gama was the first to do what?

A

commanded first fleet to reach India from Europe

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14
Q

Who was the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope?

A

Bartholomeu Dias

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15
Q

How receptive were the people of Calicut, India to trading with the Portuguese in 1498 and why?

A

Muslims resented Europeans and wouldn’t trade

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16
Q

How did da Gama eventually establish trade with India?

A

sailed to India with 15 ships and killed many Indians and Muslims

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17
Q

Where was Magellan from?

A

Portugal (sailed for Spain)

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18
Q

Magellan’s voyage provided proof of what?

A

the earth is round

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19
Q

Who supported Magellan’s proposed voyage to the Spice Islands and what was he promised as compensation?

A

Charles the first of Spain. Magellan was promised 1/5 of profits of his voyage and a salary

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20
Q

at the start of Magellan’s voyage in 1519, how many men and ships did he have?

A

240 men and 5 ships

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21
Q

Magellan discovered what passage to the pacific and why did be call the ocean “Pacific”?

A

strait of Magellan. he called the ocean pacific because it means peaceful

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22
Q

how long did Magellan sail in the pacific without seeing land?

A

98 days

23
Q

what did Magellan and his men eat to avoid starvation?

A

rats, ox hides, and sawdust

24
Q

Magellan took pride in doing what in the Philippines and what happened to him?

A

convert people to Christianity. he was killed in a battle.

25
Q

how long did it take Magellan’s crew to get back to Spain and how many remained?

A

nearly 3 years And only 18 survived.

26
Q

how did the Portuguese and Spanish feel about Magellan?

A

Portuguese saw him as a traitor and Spanish hated him because he was cruel

27
Q

What did Cortes’ military triumphs lead to?

A

300 years of Spanish domination of mexico and central America

28
Q

in what year did Cortes sail for Yucatan and how many men did he have with him?

A

1519 and he had 500 men and 11 ships

29
Q

how long did it take Cortes to conquer mexico?

A

2 years

30
Q

why did many Indians help Cortes defeat the Aztecs?

A

the Azrecs were very cruel

31
Q

when Cortes conquered Tenochtitlan in 1521, what did he do with the Aztec leader Cuauhtemoc?

A

tortued him in the hopes of finding treasure and then he had him hanged

32
Q

though he was a military leader , Pizarro could not do what?

A

read

33
Q

Where was the Incan empire centered?

A

Peru

34
Q

when landed in Ecudor in 1531, how many men did Pizarro have with him?

A

180

35
Q

what did Pizarro use to attack the incan ruler Atahualpa and kill thousands of incas?

A

swords, horses, and a few guns

36
Q

What did Pizarro do after the Incas paid a huge ransom of gold and silver for the release of their ruler?

A

had the ruler killed

37
Q

Pizarro founded what south american capital?

A

Lima, Peru

38
Q

what happened to Pizarro after he conquered the Incas?

A

killed by the son of a political rival that Pizarro had executed

39
Q

Where was Cartier from?

A

France

40
Q

Cartier’s explorations established the basis for France’s claims to what?

A

Canada

41
Q

Cartier led the first European expedition where?

A

up the st. Lawrence river

42
Q

king Frances the first sent Cartier to n. america to search for what?

A

gold and other precious metals

43
Q

Cartier probably brought the first what to Europe?

A

corn

44
Q

why did Cartier leave Canada ?

A

fear of Indian attacks

45
Q

where was sir Frances Drake from?

A

england

46
Q

Sir Frances Drake was the first Englishman to do what?

A

sail around the water

47
Q

Drake was a “sea dog”. what was a “sea dog”?

A

a pirate who stole Spanish goods

48
Q

between 1566 And 1569, drake sailed on two voyages of what type?

A

slave trading

49
Q

what was the intent of Drake’s voyage that started in 1577?

A

set up colonies in the pacific area

50
Q

after sailing into the pacific and repairing the “golden hind” in the area of San Francisco, why didn’t drake return home through the strait of Magellan?

A

he feared a Spanish attack

51
Q

how long did it take drake to return home?

A

almost three years

52
Q

in 1588, drake served as an English vice admiral in one of history’s great naval battles and helped defeat what country’s “invincible armada”?

A

spain

53
Q

how did sir Frances Drake die?

A

dysentery

History (7 decks)

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