Explorers and Discoverers Flashcards Preview

Misc. > Explorers and Discoverers > Flashcards

Flashcards in Explorers and Discoverers Deck (44)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Vikings

A

Labrador, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and New England ca. A.D. 1000. They named their settlements Helluland, Markland and Vineland.

2
Q

Prince Henry the Navagator

A

(1394-1460) Great Portuguese patron of exploration; expeditions financed by Henry explored the Madeiras, the Azors, the Canaries and the West African Coast.

3
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

First to pass the Cape of Good Hope, 1488, for Portugal.

4
Q

Cristopher Columbus

A

Italian (Genoa); discovered America for Spain, 1492. He made four voyages and discovered many of the major Caribbean islands (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Hispaniola). Born Cristopher Colombo; known in Spanish as Cristoforo Colon.

5
Q

John Cabot

A

Italian (Venetian); Newfoundland or Nova Scotia, northeast coast of North America, for England, 1497-98. Cabot was born Giovanni Caboto.

6
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

Portuguese; First to reach India, 1498, for Portugal.

7
Q

Pedro Cabral

A

Portuguese; Discovered Barzil, for Portugal, 1513.

8
Q

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

A

Spanish; First European to lead an expidition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World, for Spain, 1513.

9
Q

Hernando Cortez

A

Spanish; Conquered Aztec Empire of Mexico, for Spain, 1519.

10
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Portuguese; First circumnavigation of the globe, for Spain, 1519-1520. Expedition discovered Straits of Magellan and the Philippines, where Magellan was killed (Battle of Mactan). His crew finished the voyage afterward.

11
Q

Giovanni Verrazano

A

Italian (Florence); Discovered New York harbor, for France, 1524. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge connecting Brooklyn and Staten Island across the mouth of New York harbor is named for him.

12
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Spanish; Conquered Inca Empire of Peru, for Spain, 1524. Was with Balboa on expedition to Pacific.

13
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

French; Discovered Gulf of St. Lawrence, etc., for France, 1532. Named Canada.

14
Q

Hernando de Soto

A

Spanish; Discovered the Mississippi River (by land), for Spain, 1539-41. Captain under Pizarro in conquest of Peru.

15
Q

Francisco de Coronado

A

Spanish; Led expedition across much of what is now the southwest United States, for Spain, in search of Cibola, the Seven Cities of Gold, 1540.

16
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A

French; Canada and Lake Champlain, for France, 1603-1609. “The Father of New France”

17
Q

Henry Hudson

A

English; Discovered Hudson River, for Dutch East India Company; Discovered Hudson Bay, for England, 1609-10, while searching for northwest passage. Crew mutinied in 1611.

18
Q

Jacques Marquette, Louis Joliet

A

French (Laon, Quebec); Explored the Northern Mississippi River, for France, 1673.

19
Q

Sieur de La Salle

A

French; Explored the length of the Mississippi, for France, 1682; Laid claim to all lands touching the river, which he called Louisiana for King Louis XIV.

20
Q

Vitus Bering

A

Danish; Explored the northern Pacific and the Aleutian Islands, for Russia, 1728, 1741.

21
Q

James Cook

A

English; Three voyages of exploration across the Pacific for Britain, 1768-79. He discovered the east coast of Australia, was the first to sail across the Antarctic Circle, and discovered Christmas Island and the Hawaiian (Sandwich) Islands, where he was killed.

22
Q

Alexander Mackenzie

A

Scottish; Explored the Canadian northwest, for Britain, 1789. First East to West crossing of North America North of Mexico (predated Lewis and Clark by 10 years).

23
Q

Mungo Park

A

Scottish; Explored the Gambia and Niger Rivers, for Britain, 1795-98, 1805.

24
Q

Dr. David Livingstone

A

Scottish; Crossed Africa, discovered Victoria Falls, for Britain, 1853-1856. His meeting with H.M. Stanley gave rise to the line “Dr. Livingstone, i presume.”

25
Q

Richard Burton, John Speke

A

English; Exploration of Nile, including source of the White Nile, for Britain, 1858-59.

26
Q

Henry Stanley

A

Welsh; Led expedition to find David Livingstone, 1871.

27
Q

Robert Peary

A

American; First to reach North Pole, for the United States, 1909; there is now some question as to whether he actually reached the Pole. Accompanied by black American explorer, Matthew Henson.

28
Q

Roald Amundsen

A

Norwegian; First to reach the South Pole, for Norway, 1912, beating the British expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott, all of whose members perished.

29
Q

Richard Byrd, Floyd Bennett

A

American; First flight over the North Pole, for the United States, 1926.

30
Q

Richard Byrd

A

American; First flight over the South Pole, for the United States, 1929. Received the Congressional Medal of Honor.

31
Q

Yuri Gagarin

A

USSR; First man in space, 1961.

32
Q

Alan Shepard

A

America; First American in space (suborbital), 1961.

33
Q

John Glenn

A

American; First American in space (orbital), 1961.

34
Q

Valentina Tereshkova

A

USSR; First woman in space, 1963.

35
Q

Sally Ride

A

American; First American woman in space, 1983.

36
Q

Aleksei Leonov

A

USSR; First space walk, 1965.

37
Q

Edward White

A

American; First American space walk, 1965.

38
Q

Apollo 8

A

American; First flight to the moon (no landing), 1968 (Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, William Anders).

39
Q

Apollo 11

A

American; First moon landing, 1969 (Neil Armstrong (first), Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin, Michael Collins (command module).

40
Q

Soviet Space Program

A
Vostok (1 cosmonaut, 6 missions)
Voshkod (2-3 cosmonauts, 2 missions)
Soyuz (1-3 cosmonauts, 8 missions)
Salyut (3 cosmonauts, 1 mission)
Mir (space station 1986-2001)
41
Q

U.S. Space Program

A

Mercury (1 astronaut, 6 missions) (Mercury capsule with Atlas booster)
Gemini (2 astronauts, 9 missions) (Gemini capsule with Titan booster)
Apollo (3 astronauts, 12 missions) (Apollo capsule with Saturn Booster)
Skylab (3 astronauts, 3 missions) (1973-79)
Space Shuttle (First, Columbia, April 21, 1981)

42
Q

Other Space Programs

A

Joint U.S./USSR; Apollo 18-Soyuz 19, 1975.

International Space Station (1998-Present)

43
Q

Space Shuttles

A
Columbia (1981-2003 Destroyed)
Challenger (1983-1986 Destroyed)
Discovery (1984-2011 on display in VA)
Atlantis (1985-2011 on display at Kennedy Space Center) (135th and final shuttle launch)
Endeavour (1992-2011 on display in LA)
Enterprise (Test only)
44
Q

Mars Rovers

A

Mars 2; USSR (1971) Failed landing.
Mars 3; USSR (1971) Lost 20 sec. after landing.
Sojourner-Mars Pathfinder; USA (1997 July-Sep.)
Beagle 2; European (2003); Lost on separation.
Spirit; USA (2004-2010); Drove 4.8 mi.
Opportunity; USA (2004-Present)
Curiosity; USA (2012-Present)