export_circulatory viruses ii and cmv

Question 1

CMV virus family and features

Answer 1

Herpesvirus
Enveloped, dsDNA

Latency occurs in monocytes

Question 2

Diagnose CMV

Answer 2

Detection of viral DNA or virus culture from diseased tissue

Seroconversion

Question 3

First line treatment of CMV

Answer 3

Gancyclovir

Valgancyclovir

Question 4

Second line treatment of CMV

Answer 4

Cidofivir

Foscarnet

Question 5

Gancyclovir

Answer 5

Converted to viral polymerase inhibitor by CMV enzymes

Question 6

Valgancyclovir

Answer 6

Converted into gancyclovir within body, increases bioavailability

Question 7

Cidofivir

Answer 7

Converted into viral polymerase inhibitor by cellular enzymes
More toxic than Gancyclovir

Question 8

Foscarnet

Answer 8

Direct inhibitor of CMV polymerase

Question 9

Mono-like illness

Answer 9

Caused by CMV
Fever, fatigue, abnormal T cells

Pharyngitis that is non-exudative (unlike in mono)

NO heterophile Ab production

Question 10

Cytomegalic inclusion body disease

Answer 10

Congenital disease most often caused by mother contracting a primary infection during pregnancy

Question 11

Symptoms of cytomegalic inclusion body disease

Answer 11

Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice

Petechiae/rash

Question 12

Which viral pathogen is most common in complicating organ transplants

Answer 12

CMV

Question 13

Prevention of CMV infection in immunocompromised patients

Answer 13

Donor matching
Prophylaxis or preemptive therapy with antivirals

CMV Ig

Question 14

Myocarditis features

Answer 14

More common in adult men
May mimic MI

Most commonly associated with viral infection

Question 15

Diagnose viral myocarditis

Answer 15

CHF with unknown origin
CXR, ECG

Biopsy - NAAT

Question 16

Treatment for viral myocarditis

Answer 16

Manage symptoms of CHF and arrhythmias

Question 17

Mumps symptoms

Answer 17

Swollen, tender parotid glands

Malaise/anorexia

Question 18

Mumps virus family and features

Answer 18

Paramyxoviridae
-ssRNA

One serotype

Question 19

Diagnose mumps

Answer 19

Parotid gland swelling for several days with no other apparent cause
Assays and serological tests are available

Question 20

Treatment of mumps

Answer 20

Uncomplicated cases typically resolve within 10 days

Question 21

Mumps prevention

Answer 21

Live attenuated vaccine

Part of the MMR and MMRV vaccine combinations

Question 22

Kaposi’s sarcoma cutaneous lesions

Answer 22

Pink, purple, brown in color
Usually non-painful

Can become confluent

Increased proliferation of endothelial cells

Question 23

Histological features of Kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 23

Spindle morphology of cells

Question 24

Four forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 24

Classic
Endemic

Transplant-related

AIDS-related

Question 25

Classic KS

Answer 25

Rare Few lesions Rarely life-threatening

Question 26

Endemic KS

Answer 26

Can present like classic KS | Can be aggressive and is fatal within 3 years

Question 27

Transplant-related KS

Answer 27

Occurs when individuals are experiencing immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplant Lesions often resolve when immunosuppressive therapy is discontinued

Question 28

AIDS-related KS

Answer 28

Often more widespread lesions than other KS forms May include other symptoms (lymphadenopathy, fever, etc.) Often fatal when lung involvement occurs

Question 29

Human Herpes virus 8 (HHV-8)

Answer 29

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Enveloped, dsDNA Latent in KS lesions

Question 30

HHV-8 transmission

Answer 30

Sexually contact Needle sharing Only small percentage of people will progress to KS

Question 31

Treatment for HHV-8

Answer 31

Herpes antivirals are NOT effective because it's in latent stage Chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery

Question 32

Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL)

Answer 32

Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly Hypercalcemia Skin infiltration

Question 33

ATL diagnostic feature

Answer 33

Flower cells

Question 34

Diagnose ATL

Answer 34

Abs to Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1)

Question 35

HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM)

Answer 35

Demyelination of neurons within the spinal cord | Likely autoimmune

Question 36

HTLV-1 features

Answer 36

Infects CD4 and CD8 cells Retrovirus Enveloped, +ssRNA

Question 37

HTLV-1 treatment

Answer 37

Combined chemotherapy, though it has limited effectiveness