External anatomy Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does the longitudinal fissure separate?
The two cerebral hemispheres (R and L)
What does the central sulcus divide?
The frontal lobe (anterior) from the parietal lobe (posterior)
What does the lateral fissure separate?
The parietal (superior) and temporal (inferior) lobes
Where is the calcarine fissure located? What does it separate?
In the occipital lobe. The cuneus gyrus (superior) and the lingual gyrus (inferior)
Where is the visual cortex located? What Brodmann’s area is it? What does a lesion here present as?
In the occipital lobe (posterior ally)
Area 17
A deficit in the contralateral visual field
What makes up the diencephalon?
The thalamus and hypothalamus
What makes up the telencephalon?
The cerebral hemispheres (the cortex/gray matter, the white matter and the basal ganglia)
Order these from posterior to anterior: optic chiasm, optic nerve, optic tract
Tract-> chiasm -> nerve
What is the tectum of the pons?
the superior and inferior colliculi
What is the tegmentum of the pons?
The area b/wn the tectum and the crus cerebri
What does the vermis define in the cerebellum?
It separates the two hemispheres (R and L)
Define: forebrain
The telencephalon + the diencephalon (the cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus)
Define: hindbrain
The cerebellum, the pons and the medulla
Define: brainstem
The midbrain, pons and medulla
What does rostral refer to? How about caudal?
Rostral- towards the nose
Caudal- towards the tail
What is in the postcentral gyrus? Which Brodmann’s area is it? What does a lesion here present as?
The primary somatosensory area (organized in a somatotopic manner)
Brodmann’s areas 3,1,2
Damage causes somatic sensory deficits on the opposite side of the lesion
What occurs in Weirnicke’s area? What parts of the brain make it up? What does a lesion here present as?
Understanding language and creating coherent speech
Inferior parietal lobule and the planum temporale in the temporal lobe on the dominant side of the brain (usually left)
Weirnicke’s aphasia- The person can understand a command but responds with a series of correctly pronounced random words w/ no grammatical order
A lesion to Weirnicke’s area in the non-dominant hemisphere causes…
Contralateral neglect syndrome and some spatial disorientation
Where is Heschl’s gyrus located? What Brodmann number is it? What occurs here?
On the floor of the lateral sulcus, the dorsal part of the temporal lobe
Area 41
Primary sensory cortex for audition
What occurs in the pre central gyrus? where is it located? What Brodmann’s area? What does a lesion present as?
Primary motor cortex
Frontal lobe
Area 4
Weakness/paralysis on the contralateral side
What goes on in the superior and middle frontal gyri?
They are the secondary motor and premotor areas and contribute to the organization of voluntary movements
What is the inferior frontal gyrus also known as? What goes on here? What does a lesion present as?
Broca’s area (on the dominant side)
Programming of speech
Patients lose the ability to generate fluent speech/ they can’t say what they want to say
Where is the prefrontal cortex located? What occurs here? What does a lesion present as?
Frontal lobe
A lot- the stuff that makes up our personalities, planning and sequencing of complex tasks
Personality changes
