Medulla Flashcards
(36 cards)
To localize a lesion, find the _____ cranial nerve sign/deficit. The lesion is ….
Highest
at that level and on that side
The medulla contains nuclei for 5 cranial nerves. Name them
12, 11, 10 (dorsal motor nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus ambiguous), 9, 8 (vestibular and cochlear)
The function of the medial longitudinal fasciculus is _____. It connects the _____, ______ nuclei, cranial nerves ___, ___, and ___ and the _____ spinal cord
Coordinates eye and head movements
Superior colliculus, vestibular nuclei, Cr 3, 4 and 6, cervical spinal cord
What is the function of the reticular formation?
It coordinates reflexes and simple stereotyped responses mediated by the cranial nerves
Some telltale signs that you are looking at a myelin section of the medulla are:
- The pyramids and inferior olivary complex (mid medulla)
- The pyramidal decussation (caudal medulla)
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle (rostral medulla)
The spinal nucleus of trigem receives _____ info from the face. Axons run caudally from the pons in the _____, terminating in this nucleus. Second order axons cross to project to the ____ then project to the _____
Protopathic
spinal tract of trigem
reticular formation
VPM of the thalamus
The pyramidal decussation occurs in the _____. Consqeuently, the axons of the pyramidal tract are located ____ in the medulla
caudal medulla
Ventrally
Corticobulbar axons represent _______. They begin in the ____ and terminate on the _____
Descending control of the cranial nerves
Cortex, nuclei of cranial nerves
The gracile nucleus is ____ compared to the cuneate nucleus, which is more ____. Both are involved in ____ sensation
Caudal and medial
Rostral and lateral
Epicritic
Axons carrying epicritic sensation from the body cross in the ____ and are renamed the _____.
internal arcuate fibers
Medial lemniscus
A lesion to the anteriolateral tract in the medulla will also probably result in ___ and __ symptoms b/c of the proximity of these regions
Cerebellar and vestibular
The inferior cerebellar peduncle carries ____ information to the cerebellum from the ____ side of the body. A lesion here presents as…
Proprioceptive
Same
Ataxia, intention tremor
The medulla receives blood supply from the anterior spinal on the ______, the ______ on the dorsal aspect and the ______ on the dorsal lateral aspect.
Ventral medial
Posterior spinal arteries
PICAs
The inferior olivary nucleus serves as _____
A relay structure for the cerebellum
Cr XII exits the medulla ______. Each nerve innervates the ____ side of the tongue. Descending cortical control is provided by neurons on the ____ side. What does UMN pathology present as? LMN pathology?
Between the pyramid and the olive
Nerve innervates same side. Desc control from opposite side
UMN- tongue protrudes away from damage
LMN- tongue towards lesion; atrophy and fasciculations too
Axons from the nucleus ambiguous are _____ headed to ______. Unilateral damage presents as _____. Bilateral damage presents as ______
efferent nerves of Cr 9 and 10
the larynx and pharynx
Hoarseness, trouble swallowing, soft palate asymmetry
Choking, aspiration of fluid
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus houses cell bodies for ____ neurons which target ____
Pregang parasymp
Anything needing parasymp innervation north of the small intestines (heart, blood vessels, stomach, trachea)
The nucleus of the solitary tract receives afferent information from _____ via ______. The rostral end receives special sensory information concerning ____ and the caudal end receives _____. The cells in the NTS connect to surrounding regions to mediate reflex responses involving cranial nerves, such as____
the pharynx and larynx Cr 7, 9, 10 Taste Sensory info from chemo and baroreceptors Gag, cough, vomiting, sneezing
The vestibular nuclei reside in the ___, medial to the inferior cerebellar peduncle. These nuclei receive projections from ____ and project to other nuclei for ____ as well as to the cerebellum
Rostral medulla
Cr 8
Vestibular reflexes (i.e. eyes, body)
The dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei are the beginning of the ___ pathway. Info is brought here by the ___
Auditory pathway
8th cranial nerve
In the caudal medulla, the Cr. 12 nucleus is ____ to the DMX. As you move up the medulla, the DMX moves ____ and the nucleus of Cr 12 moves ____
Caudal medulla- Cr. 12 is ventral to DMX
As you move up, DMX moves dorsal and lateral. Cr. 12 moves dorsal
The nucleus for Cr. 11 is where the _____ used to be in the in spinal cord, in the caudal medulla.
Ventral horn
The nucleus of the solitary tract is ___ to the DMX
Lateral to
Trigem contains epicritic, protopathic and proprioceptive info from the face. What nucleus do neurons carrying each type of info synapse at?
Epicritic- chief sensory nucleus
Protopathic- spinal nucleus
Proprioceptive- mesencephalic nucleus
