Internal Anatomy

Question 1

The ____ ventricle is associated with the telencephalon. The _____ ventricle is associated with the diencephalon. The midbrain is associated with _______. And the pons and medulla are associated with _______.

Answer 1

Lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
Cerebral aquaduct
4th ventricle

Question 2

Because the telencephalon grows posteriorly and inferiorly, this structure is C-shaped

Answer 2

Lateral ventricle

Question 3

Because the telencephalon grows posteriorly and inferiorly, these structures end up in the temporal lobe

Answer 3

The caudate nucleus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus

Question 4

What does the choroid plexus do? Where is it located?

Answer 4

It produces CSF. In the floor of the inferior horn and body of the lateral ventricle, the roof of the 3rd ventricle, and the inferior part of the roof of the 4th ventricle

Question 5

Where does the foramen of Luschka emerge? Where is it in relation to the foramen of Magendie?

Answer 5

Emerges by PICA and the floculus.

There are 2 foramina of Luschka; they are lateral to the 1 foramen of Magendie

Question 6

In which lobe does the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle lie? How about the body? The posterior horn? The inferior horn?

Answer 6

Anterior- frontal
Body- parietal
Posterior- occipital
Inferior- temporal

Question 7

The third ventricle lies between the _______. It is pierced by the _____

Answer 7

2 thalami
Massa intermedia (a connection b/wn the 2 thalami)

Question 8

How do the lateral ventricles communicate with the 3rd ventricle? How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with the 4th ventricle?

Answer 8

Lateral and 3rd- via the inter ventricular foramen

3rd and 4th- via the cerebral aqueduct

Question 9

What structure forms the roof of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 9

The corpus callosum

Question 10

What structure lies on the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 10

The caudate nucleus

Question 11

What structure lies on the ventral medial surface of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 11

The hippocampus

Question 12

What structure surrounds the inferior point of the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 12

The hypothalamus

Question 13

The medial surface of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle normally abuts….

Answer 13

The calcarine sulcus

Question 14

The cerebral aqueduct runs between the ____ dorsally and the ___ ventrally

Answer 14

Tectum (the superior and inferior colliculi) and tegmentum of the midbrain

Question 15

_____ forms the roof of the 4th ventricle; ____ forms the floor

Answer 15

Cerebellum and tegmentum of the pons

Question 16

What are some functions of the CSF?

Answer 16

To preserve homeostasis of the brain, to provide mechanical support and a cushion for the brain and to serve as the brain’s lymphatic system

Question 17

The CSF flows over the brain and spinal cord in the ….

Answer 17

subarachnoid space

Question 18

The CSF is absorbed into the dural sinus system via…

Answer 18

arachnnoid villi or granulations

Question 19

Axons from the hippocampus traverse to the hypothalamus and the mammillary bodies via the….

Answer 19

Fornix

Question 20

The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe and is ….. the lateral ventricle

Answer 20

situated across the anterior end of the inferior horn of

Question 21

The tectum is ____ to the cerebral aqueduct. The tegmentum is ______ to the cerebral aqueduct.

Answer 21

Tectum is superior/dorsal; tegmentum is inferior/ventral

Question 22

What makes up the cerebral peduncles? How many are there?

Answer 22

There are 2. They are made up of the crus cerebri and the substantial nigra

Question 23

Where is the fornix located in relation to the septum pellucidum?

Answer 23

It is inferior to and on either side of the septum pellucidum

Question 24

The lateral geniculate nucleus receives ____ information; the medial geniculate nucleus receives ______ information

Answer 24

LGN- visual

MGN- auditory

Question 25

What function does the pulvinar serve? The anterior tubercle of the thalamus?

Answer 25

Pulvinar- impt for processing of visual info | Anterior tubercle- is involved in emotion

Question 26

What is the amygdala involved in? Where is it located?

Answer 26

Fear and emotion | Deep to the uncus, anterior to the anterior pole of the hippocampus

Question 27

The lenticulate nucleus is made up of the ____ and the ______. It is _____ to the inner capsule

Answer 27

globus pallidus (medially) and putamen (laterally). Lateral to

Question 28

What makes up the basal ganglia?

Answer 28

the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus

Question 29

The striatum is composed of _____ and _____

Answer 29

the caudate and the putamen

Question 30

How do the two occipital lobes communicate?

Answer 30

Using the splenium of the corpus callosum

Question 31

The posterior limb of the internal capsule continues into the ___

Answer 31

crus cerebri

Question 32

A lesion in the posterior limb of the internal capsule presents as....

Answer 32

Complete hemiparalysis (leg= arm= face). Can be confirmed by visual deficits

Question 33

The visual radiations project from the ____ to the ____. The auditory radiations project from the _____ to the _____

Answer 33

Visual: LGN-> primary visual cortex Auditory: MGN-> Heschl's gyrus

Question 34

The anterior commissure is _____ to the mammillary bodies. It connects ______.

Answer 34

Anterior | The anterior poles of the 2 temporal lobes

Question 35

The posterior commissure allows the ____ to communicate and is involved in....

Answer 35

Superior colliculi | The pupillary light reflex and mediating upward gaze

Question 36

The optic chiasm is at the level of the _____

Answer 36

pons

Question 37

The basis of the pons is the....

Answer 37

Bulging portion

Question 38

A lesion in the basal ganglia presents as ______. Give 3 examples of diseases that affect the basal ganglia

Answer 38

Uncontrolled involuntary movements (i.e. resting tremors) | Parkinson, Huntington, Hemiballism

Question 39

Define: association fibers. How do they differ from projection fibers and commissure fibers?

Answer 39

Assoc fibers- connect areas of cortex in the same hemisphere Projection- connect cortical areas to areas lower in the neuraxis Comissure- connect homologous areas of the 2 hemispheres

Question 40

What does the superior longitudinal/arcuate fasciculus connect? What will a lesion here present as?

Answer 40

The frontal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the auditory cortex Presents as Broca's aphasia

Question 41

What does the inferior longitudinal fasciculus connect? Where is it located?

Answer 41

The occipital and temporal lobes | Deep to the fusiform gyrus

Question 42

Which two lobes does the uncinate fasciculus connect? What functional significance does this have?

Answer 42

The frontal and temporal | It may connect frontal cortex-based reward and punishment centers with temporal lobe-based memory representations

Question 43

In what lobes is the cingulum located? What is its hypothesized function?

Answer 43

The frontal and temporal. Also the limbic lobe. Learning to avoid painful stimuli

Question 44

The corpus callosum is a _____ fiber tract. The ____ connects the frontal lobes, the _____ the parietal lobes and the _____ the occipital lobes

Answer 44

Commissural Genu Body Splenium

Question 45

The axons of the fornix that cross when the two fornices approach each other make up the ______

Answer 45

Hippocampal commissure

Question 46

As the corona radiate fibers pass medial to the lenticulate nucleus, they become ______

Answer 46

the internal capsule

Question 47

What is another name for short association fibers?

Answer 47

U-fibers

Question 48

What is another name for the posterior-most fibers of the corona radiate? What two areas do they connect?

Answer 48

Visual radiations | LGN to V1

Question 49

The fibers of the internal capsule that pass inferior to the lenticulate nucleus in the direction of the temporal lobe are..... which connect.....

Answer 49

Auditory radiations | MGN to Heschl's gyri

Question 50

A lesion to this area is the ONLY place that will cause complete motor, sensory and vision loss on 1 side of the body

Answer 50

The posterior limb of the internal capsule

Question 51

What do fasciculations of the tongue indicate?

Answer 51

LMN pathology of Cr XII

Question 52

Which two arteries supply the internal capsule?

Answer 52

The anterior choroidal (off of the internal carotid) and the lenticulostriates off of the middle cerebral

Question 53

What neurons make up the anterior limb of the internal capsule? The genu? The posterior limb?

Answer 53

Anterior limb- thalamocortical and frontopontine Genu- corticobulbular (motor, cranial nerves) Posterior limb- corticospinal (motor) and thalamocortical (sensory)

Question 54

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 54

Regulate cortically controlled motor activity