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dental anatomy > External Thorax > Flashcards

External Thorax Flashcards

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1
Q

-Describe the borders of the thoracic wall.
-List the joints of the ribs (sternocostal and vertebrocostal joints) and the joints of the vertebral column (ligaments, intervertebral disk, intervertebral joints).
-List the muscles of the deep layer of the thoracic wall.
-Describe the location, order, and clinical significance of the neurovascular bundle of the intercostal space.
-List the muscles of the middle layer of the thoracic wall.
-Describe the clavipectoral fascia and the blood vessels and nerves that penetrate this fascia.
-Describe the blood supply and nerve innervation of the thoracic wall.
-Describe the blood supply and nerve innervation of the mammary gland.

A
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2
Q

How many thoracic borders are there?

A

Upper and lower border

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3
Q

Upper Border:
_______ thoracic aperture: ______ notch, ___st ribs, T__

A

Superior thoracic aperture, jugular notch, first rib, T1

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4
Q

Lower Border
_____ thoracic aperture: ______ process, _____ arches (Right and left), T____

A

Inferior thoracic aperture: Xiphoid process, Costal Arches (right and left), and T12

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5
Q

What are the layers of the thoracic wall?

A

Deep layer:
Middle layer (muscular layer):
Superficial layer:

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6
Q

Deep layer

A
  • osteothorax, intercostal internsic back muscles
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7
Q

Middle layer (muscular layer)

A
  • Thoracohumeral
  • Back muscle
  • Fasciae, blood vessels
  • Nerves
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8
Q

Superficial layer

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial Fascia
  • Mammary glands
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9
Q

What is the deep layer osteothorax

A
  • Ribs
  • Sternum
  • Thoracic Vertebrae
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10
Q

______ - flat bone form, and interior midline of thoracic wall

A

Sternum

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11
Q

______ - two clavicular notches that articulate with left and right clavicles

A

Manubrium

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12
Q

______ notch/________ notch - shallow superior depression, between the clavicular notches

A

Jugular notch/ suprasternal notch

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13
Q

_______ notches - articulation for ribs first costal cartilages

A

Costal notches

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14
Q

Sternum ______ - Costa cartilages from ribs 2-7 attached here

A

body

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15
Q

Where does rib to attach in the sternum?

A

Sternal angle

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16
Q

What is the cartilaginous projection at tip of sternum?

A

The xiphoid process

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17
Q

Deep layer, muscles include:

A

External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal (intercostale intimi)

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18
Q

-________ intercostal - run obliquely downward and forward
- Inhalation

A

External intercostal

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19
Q

________ intercostal - beneath external intercostal, run a bleakly downward, and backward exclamation

A

Internal intercostal

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20
Q

______ intercostal (______ intimi)
- beneath internal intercostal
- run oblique downward, and a backward
- exhalation

A

Innermost intercostal (intercostal intimi)

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21
Q

What does van stand for?

A

Posterior intercostal vein, artery, and intercostal nerve

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22
Q

Where is van located?

A

Located near the Costal groove
Between internal and innermost intercostal

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23
Q

How do you perform a intercostal injection

A

Performed with oblique entry of needle (upward and inward) and above the upper edge of the relevant rib this

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24
Q

Where are subcostal located and how do they run and do they help with inhalation or exhalation?

A
  • They are located on the inner surface of the poster thoracic wall
  • they run obliquely upward and backward
  • helpful for exhalation
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25
Where is the transverses thoracis? Which way does it run and what is its purpose?
It is located on the surface of the anterior thoracic wall - runs horizontally - exhalation
26
Erector Spinae have three columns. What are they?
- Iliocostalis - Longissimus - Spinalis - They are covered by Thoracolumbar fascia
27
List from most laterally, intermediate, to medially
Laterally - erector spinal: iliocostalis lumborum intermediate: longissimus Thoracis medially Spinalis Thoracis
28
answer E
29
Answer: B
30
(top) Vein-artery-nerve (bottom)
31
Answer: Just above the upper edge of rib five
32
Answer: External intercostal
33
which deep layer muscle is located on the inner surface of the posterior thoracic wall? It runs up weekly upward and backward - it's useful for exhalation
Subcostals
34
_______ thoracic - located on the inner surface of the interior thoracic wall - run horizontally - exhalation
Transversus Thoracis
35
The middle layer is known as the _________
Thoracohumeral muscles
36
middle layer: What is the first layer?
Pectoral's major
37
middle layer What is part of the second layer?:
The subclavian/pectoralis minor/ serratus anterior
38
Subclavius origin: insertion: Function:
origin: costal cartilage of rib 1 insertion: Anteroinferior surface of middle third of clavicle Function: Stabilizing the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint and depressing clavicle
39
2nd layer: Pectoralis minor
origin 3rd-5th ribs insertion: Medial border and coracoid process of the scapula Function: Stabilization, protraction, depression and downward rotation of the scapula
40
2nd layer: serrates anterior
Origin: The super-lateral surfaces of 1st to the 8th or 9th ribs Insertion: The superior, medial and inferior angle of the scapula Function: Protraction and upward rotation of scapula
41
What Fascia attaches to the clavicle and sternum? It covers the pectorals major.
Pectoral Fascia
42
What Fascia is deep to the pectoral fascia and it encloses 2 muscles Subclavius and pectorals minor.
Clavipectoral Fascia
43
What structures pierce the clavipectoral Fascia?
C)cephalic vein L)ymphatics A)cromiothoracic/thoracoacromial artery P)ectoral nerve (lateral)
44
Middle layer - back muscles
Trapezius, levator scapulae, Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboid minor/major
45
1st layer muscles in the back
Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi
46
1st layer trapezius origin: Insertion: Function:
Origin: external occipital protuberance nuchal ligment and the spinous processes of C7-T21 Insertion: Acromion and spine of scapula, clavicle Function: Upper fibers: elevate the scapula middle fibers: retract the scapula Lower fibers: depress the scapula
47
1st layer: Latissimus dorsis
origin Spinous processes of T6-T12, Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and the inferior three ribs Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus Function: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm
48
How many muscles insert into the inter tubercular groove?
Biceps, pectorals major and latissimus dorsi
49
What is the third layer of the back muscle? _______ muscle There are two muscles two know and they are?
1) Serratus Posterior superior 2) Serratus Posterior Inferior
50
Serratus posterior superior origin: insertion : \ function:
Origin: The lower part of nuchal ligament and the cervical and thoracic vertebrae (C7-T3) Insertion: ribs 2-5 Function: Elevates the ribs and inhalation
50
Serratus posterior inferior Origin: Insertion: Function:
Origin: The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T11-L3) Insertion: ribs 9-12 Function: Depresses ribs 9-12 and exhalation
51
What are the layers of thoracic wall?
- Superficial layer - Skin - Superficial Fascia (Adipose tissue, Cutaneous nerves and superficial vessels) - Mammary gland
51
Superficial layer - mammary gland __________: Glandular tissue - lobes produce _______ - Lactiferous duct transport ______ - Latiferous duct enlarges to form sinus before they open into the nipple: Temporary storage area for milk
Parenchyma/milk/milk
52
Superficial layer - mammary gland ________ stroma: suspensory ligaments of Cooper - septa between lobes - Suspends the mammary gland from pectoral fascia
Fibrous stroma
52
Superficial layer - mammary gland ________: the supporting framework
Stroma
53
________ stroma: adipose tissue - supports the parenchyma - Gives the breast its shape and size
Fatty Stroma
54
Blood supply and nerve innervation of external thorax
55
______ artery: anterior aspect of the thoracic wall
Subclavian artery
56
________ artery: Upper part of the anterior thoracic wall, lateral thoracic wall and part of posterior thoracic wall
Axillary artery
57
__________ aorta: Posterior thoracic wall
Thoracic aorta
58
The internal thoracic artery come from which artery?
The subclavian artery
59
Branches off of the Subclavian artery - the _____________ artery: descends along the internal surface of the thoracic wall, running parallel to the sternum - give rise to 9 pairs of anterior intercostal arteries at each intercostal space - Supply anterior intercostal spaces
Internal thoracic artery
60
Branches off of the Subclavian artery - ___________ Trunk - supreme intercostal artery - Gives rise to 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery to supply the 1st and 2nd intercostal space
Costocervical trunk
61
Thoracic _______ : Supply the posterior thoracic wall
Thoracic Aorta
62
_________ intercostal artery
POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERY - Run with 3rd to 12th Castle groove - anastomosis with the anterior intercostal arteries, allowing for collateral circulation between anterior and posterior parts of the thoracic wall
63
What are the 4 arteries that branch off of the axillary artery?
- Superior Thoracic artery - Thoracoacromial artery - Lateral Thoracic Artery - Subscapular artery
64
What is the name of the first artery that branches off of the axillary artery? Where is it located?
- Superior thoracic Artery - located upper part of the anterior thoracic wall
65
What is the second branch that comes off of the thoracoacromial artery? What muscles does it innervate?
Pectoral's major, Clavicular and acromial region
66
What is the third artery that braches off of the axillary artery
Lateral Thoracic artery
67
What are the veins of the external thorax?
- Azygos Vein - Hemiazygos vein - Accessory Hemiazygos vein
68
Anterior or posterior wall? posterior intercostal veins drain into 3 azygos veins
Posterior wall
69
________ vein: Right side of the posterior thoracic wall Drain into the sup. vena cava
Azygos vein
70
__________ vein
Hemiazygos vein - lower left side of the posterior thoracic wall - joins the Azygos vein
70
the _______ thoracic vein - runs alongside the artery of the same of the same name - drains into the auxiliary vein
lateral thoracic vein
71
_________ hemiazygos vein: Upper left side of the thoracic wall; join the azygos vein
Accessory Hemiazygos vein
71
Nemonic A.. Hemi... Accessory...
azygos vein hemiazygos vein Accessory hemiazygos vein
72
The vein that is located in the anterior thoracic wall? - it runs alongside the artery of the same name - receives blood from the anterior intercostal veins - drains into the brachiocephalic vein
The internal thoracic vein
73
Blood supply of mammary gland - artery - artery - vein - vein
Internal and lateral thoracic artery Internal thoracic vein and auxiliary vein
74
Motor innervation (middle layer): Brachial plexus What are the nerves?
Long Thoracic nerve Subclavian nerve 2 pectoral nerves Thoracodorsal nerve
75
The long thoracic nerve innervates
Serratus anterior muscle
75
Subclavian nerve innervates
Subclavius
76
2 pectoral nerves innervate:
- Pectoral's major (lateral) - Pectoralis minor (medial)
77
Thoracodorsal nerve innervates
- latissimus dorsi - Run alongside the blood vessels of the same name
78
Nerve innovation of memory gland - Sensory innovation of the _________ nerve 3rd to 6th
Intercostal nerve 3rd to 6th
79
________ cutaneous branch: is the medial portion of the mammary gland
Anterior
80
________ cutaneous branch: lateral portion of the mammary gland
Lateral cutaneous branch
81
pectorals major is supplied by a. Superior thoracic artery b. thoracodorsal artery c. Lateral thoracic artery d. thoracoacromial artery e. thoracic aorta
Thoracoacromial artery
82
The mammary gland is innervated by: a. 1st-3rd intercostal nerve b. 3rd-6th intercostal nerve c. 6st-9th intercostal nerve d. 9st-12th intercostal nerve e. 4th-8th intercostal nerve
3rd-6th intercostal nerve

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