Extra Bits Of Info Flashcards
1
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation a.c stand for
A
Before food
2
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation bd stand for
A
Twice daily
3
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation od stand for
A
Once daily
4
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation om stand for
A
Every morning
5
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation on stand for
A
Every night
6
Q
What does the latin abbreviation pc stand for
A
After food
7
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation PRN stand for
A
When required
8
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation qds stand for
A
Four times a day
9
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation qqs stand for
A
Every 4 hours
10
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation stat stand for
A
Immediately
11
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation tds stand for
A
Three times a day
12
Q
What does the Latin abbreviation tid stand for
A
Three times daily
13
Q
Immunisation due at 8 weeks and how they are given
A
6 in 1- injection
Meningococcal B (menb) injection
Rotavirus- oral application
14
Q
Immunisation due at 12 weeks
A
6 in 1
Rotavirus
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
15
Q
Immunisation due at 16 weeks
A
6 in 1- injection Meningococcal B (menb) injection
16
Q
Immunisation due at one years old
A
HiB/menC
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Meningococcal B (menb)
Measle, mumps and rubella (mmr)
17
Q
What immunisation is given to primary school kids from reception to year 6
A
Live attenuated influenza vaccine
Nasal spray in each nostril
18
Q
Immunisation given at 3 years and 4 months
A
6 in 1
MMR
19
Q
Immunisation given at 12-13
A
HPV
Two injections atleast 6 months aprt
20
Q
Immunisation given at 14 years old
A
6 in 1
21
Q
Vaccine given at 65
A
Inactivated influenza vaccine (annually thereafter)
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV)
22
Q
Immunisation given at 70 years old
A
Shingles vaccine
23
Q
What does the 6 in 1 consist of
A
Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (whooping cough) Polio HiB HepB
24
Q
What vaccines used are live
A
BCG Rotavirus Live attenuated influenza vaccine Oral typhoid vaccine Yellow fever Varicella Zoster MMR
25
How long should you generally wait between live vaccines
4 weeks
26
What hydrocortisone strengths are classed as mild
< 25%
27
What potency is clobetasone (eumovate)
Moderate
28
What potency is momentasone
Potent
29
What potency is hydrocortisone butyrate
Potent
30
What potency is betamethasone 0.025% (benovate-RD)
Moderate
31
What potency is betamethasone 0.1% (betnovate)
Potent
32
What potency is clobetasol (dermovate)
Very potent
33
How is rapid acting insulin taken
Immediately before or after food
34
How is intermediate acting insulin taken
Twice daily in conjugations with soluble insulin
35
How is long acting insulin taken
Once daily at the same time each day to cover 24 hour period
36
How is short acting soluble insulin taken
15-30 minutes before food and meal must be consumed within half an hour
37
Examples of short acting soluble insulin
Human soluble
| Beef/ pork
38
What analogue is lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting
39
What analogue is isophane
Intermediate
40
What analogue is aspart (novorapid)
Rapid
41
What analogue is glargine (lantus)
Long acting
42
What analogue is degludec (tresiba)
Long acting
43
What analogue is protamine zinc
Long acting
44
What analogue is glulisine (apridra)
Rapid
45
What type of insulin is used in a medical emergencies and surgery
Short acting soluble
Alternative: rapid acting
46
Which diabetic analogues should not be given IV due to risk of thrombosis
Isophane
| Protamine zinc
47
When COC is started from what day of the cycle should protection be used and for how long
Day 6 or later
For 7 days
48
When POP is started after what day of the cycle should protection be used and for how long
5
For 2 day
49
What do you do if you’ve missed or delayed contraceptive patch application at the beginning of the cycle or more than 48 hours mid cycle
Apply new patch ASAP and start a new day 1 cycle
Condom for 7 days
50
Which antimarial prophylaxis are a P supply
Proguanil
Chloroquine
Chloroquine with proguanil
51
Which antimalarial prophylaxis is a Pom
Malarone
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
52
Which antimalarial prophylaxis can be taken 1-2 days before travel
Malarone
| Doxycycline
53
Which antimalarial prophylaxis is taken 1 week before travel
Proguanil
Chloroquine
Chloroquine and proguanil
54
Which antimalarial prophylaxis is taken 2-3 week before travel
Mefloquine
55
All antimalarial prophylaxis are taken for 4 weeks after returning except which one
Malarone - 1 week
56
Important side effect of doxycycline
Photosensitivity
| Oesophageal irritation
57
Important side effect of mefloquine
Neuropsychiatric reactions
58
Which malarial prophylaxis can you give in renal impairment
Doxycycline
| Mefloquine
59
Which malarial prophylaxis can you give in epilepsy
Malarone
Doxycycline
Proguanil
60
Which antimalarial prophylaxis are taken weekly
Mefloquine
| Chloroquine
61
Which malarial prophylaxis is given in pregnancy
Chloroquine and proguanil
62
What are the stages in behaviour change
```
Pre-contemplation stage
Contemplations stage
Preparation stage
Action stage
Maintenance stage
Relapse
```
63
What does the pre contemplation stage consist of
No intention of changing behaviour
64
What does the contemplation stage consist of
Aware of the problem and it’s existence but with no commitment to action
65
What does the preparation stage consist of
Intent on taking action to address the problem
66
What does the action stage consist of
Active modification of behaviour
67
What does the maintenance stage consist of
Sustained change. New behaviour replaces old
68
What does the relapse stage consist of
Falling back to old patterns of behaviour
69
What are the stages to the evidence based pyramid
Bottom to top
Information and expert opinion
Case control studies or case series/ report studies
Cohort studies
The randomised control trial
Critically appraised individual articles
Critically appraised topics
The systemic review / meta analysis
70
What drugs cause hypernatraemia
```
Oral contraceptives
Corticosteroid
Sodium bicarbonate
Lithium
Sodium content in IV fluids
```
71
Which drugs cause hyponatraemia
Antidepressants
Looo and thiazide diuretics
Carbamazepine
Desmopressin
72
How do you treat hyperphosphataemia
Calcium containing preparations
| Phosphate binding agents
73
Drugs that cause hyperkalaemia
```
Heparins
ACEi/arbs
Digoxin
BB
Epleronone
Amiloride
NSAIDs
Spironolactone
```
74
Drugs that cause hypokalaemia
```
Diuretics
Insulin
B2agonist
Theophylline
Corticosteroids
```
75
Which vitamin is teratogenic
Vitamin A- retinol
Liver oil and those things
76
Lack of which vitamin cause scurvy
Vitamin C
| Ascorbic acid
77
Lack of which vitamin causes rickets
Vitamin d - calciferol
78
What does vitamin C aid the absorption of
Iron
79
Which vitamin prevents peripheral neuropathy
Vitamin b6
80
Which vitamin deficiency is common in vegans
Vitamin b12
81
Symptoms of hypernatraemia
```
Convulsion
Hypovolaemia
Thirst
Dehydration
Oliguria
Postural hypotension
Tachycardia
```
82
Symptoms of hyponatraemia
```
Drowsiness
Confusion
Convulsions
Nausea
Vomiting
Headaches
Cramps
```
83
Symptoms of hyperkalaemia
Ventricular fibrillation
| Cardiac arrest
84
Symptoms of hypokalaemia
Muscle hypotonia
| Arrhythmias
85
What increased theophylline concentration
```
Heart failure
Hepatic failure
Viral infections
Elderly
Enzyme inhibitors
```
86
What decreases theophylline concentration
Smokers
Alcohol
Enzyme inducer
87
Signs of theophylline toxicity
Fast and sick
```
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Convulsion
Hypokalaemia
Vomiting
GI effects
```
88
Signs of liver toxicity
```
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Malaise
Weight loss
Pruritis
Dark urine
Pale or clay coloured stools
Drowsiness or confusion
```
89
Hepatotoxic drugs
```
Antipsychotics
Amiodarone
Carbamazepine
Go amoxiclav
Fluconazole
Flucoxacillin
Isoniazid
Ketoconazole
Labetalol
Methotrexate
Paracetamol
Pioglitazone
Rifampicin
Statin
Tetracycline
Valproate
```
90
Signs of acute kidney injury
```
Reduced urine output
Fluid retention
Dehydration
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue
High bp
Confusion
Slight backache
```
91
Examples of nephrotoxic drugs
```
ACEi
Aminoglycosides
Aminosalicylates
Cephalosporin
Lithium
Methotrexate
NSAIDs
Quinolones
Tetracycline
Vancomycin
Diuretics
Metformin
```
92
Side effect figures
```
Very common >1 in 10
Common >1 in 100
Uncommon >1 in 1000
Rare > 1 in 10000
Very rare <1 in 10000
```
93
Drugs that colour bodily secretion red
Dante on
Doxorubicin
Levodopa
94
Drugs that colour bodily secretion red/ orange
Rifampicin
95
Drugs that colour bodily secretion orange
Sulfalazine
96
Drugs that colour bodily secretion yellow brown
Senna
| Nitrofurantoin
97
Drugs that colour bodily secretion pink or orange
Pheninidione
98
Drugs that colour bodily secretion blue
Triamterene
99
Drugs that colour bodily secretion black tarry
Iron
| Bismuth
100
Drugs that colour bodily secretion brown
Prostaglandin analogues
101
What’s the antidote for benzo toxicity
Flumazenil
102
What’s the antidote for digoxin toxicity
Digoxin specific antibody
103
Antidote for heparin toxicity
Protamine
104
Antidote for opioid toxicity
Naloxone
105
Antidote for paracetamol toxicity
Acetylcysteine
106
Antidote for bb overdose
Atropine
107
Onset of action for the 4 laxative classes
Bulk- 48-72hours
Osmotic 30-60 min
Stimulant 6-12 hour
Softer 24-72 hours
108
Reversal fo dabigatran
Idarcizumab
