Extra Credit 1

Question 1

Which of the following is not a considered a common means of transmission of the Herpes Simplex Viruses types 1 &2?

Answer 1

contact with blood

Question 2

True/ False

Bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis, is rarely, if ever, seen in the United States.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

True/ False

All three forms of plague can be treated with antibiotics if diagnosed early enough.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True / false
Dysentery occurs when stool is bloody in addition to being watery; occurs as a result of the infection spreading to the large intestine and becoming invasive

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Conjunctivitis is most common in which of the following groups?

Answer 5

children <8 years old

Question 6

How does transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae , the causative agent of pneumococcal pneumonia, most likely occur?

Answer 6

respiratory droplets from individuals that carry S. pneumoniae as normal microflora

Question 7

True / False
Because transmission of the common cold is most likely to happen by self-inoculation after contact with an infected fomite or the hands of an infected person, hand washing is considered one of the best preventative measures to prevent an infection with the viruses that cause the common cold.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

An attendant informs you that there is an individual in the patient room with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which of the following are you most anticipating you will see when you open the door?

Answer 8

a 6-year old boy

Question 9

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of measles?

Answer 9

a pseudomembrane at the back of the throat

Question 10

Of the common causes of liver disease, this virus is transmitted through the fecal or oral route.

Answer 10

hepatitis A virus

Question 11

true / false
Trachoma is an uncomplicated bacterial infection of the eye that will resolve on its own and requires no further intervention

Answer 11

false

Question 12

How do people transmit streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 12

via respiratory droplets from a colonized or infected person

Question 13

The A-B toxin in anthrax has three parts: the protective antigen, the edema factor and the lethal factor. The protective antigen is responsible for_________, the edema factor is responsible for ____________, and the lethal factor is responsible for __________.

Answer 13

Binding; swelling; necrosis

Question 14

True / False

The stomach, small intestines, and large intestines eliminate all pathogens when food is being digested and absorbed.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Koplik spots are considered diagnostic for which of the following infections?

Answer 15

measles

Question 16

True / False A 60-year old patient goes to the doctor for her yearly physical. While reviewing her file, he sees that she had chickenpox as a child and informs her that she does not need the shingles vaccine because the immunity she developed as a child will protect her.True or false, the doctor is correct in his assesment

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

Answer 17

antibiotics

Question 18

true / false

A UTI can resolve on its own without the use of over the counter medication or antibiotics

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Acute diarrhea is best defined as

Answer 19

> 3 loose stools within a 24 hour period

Question 20

A disease which effects menstruating women and post-operative wound infections typically finds its way into a patient through the use of a super-absorbent tampon or by complication of surgery. Symptoms may include sudden-onset fever, chills or mental confusion. This disease could be described as

Answer 20

staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome

Question 21

Which of the following urogenital infections occurs primarily in women?

Answer 21

urinary tract infections

Question 22

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the relationship between acne, impetigo, and folliculitis?

Answer 22

All of these are considered superficial diseases of the epidermis and there are no risks of complications with any of them

Question 23

true / false

After the signs and symptoms of chickenpox resolve, the Varicella-Zoster virus is cleared from your system.

Answer 23

false

Question 24

How is tuberculosis most commonly spread?

Answer 24

inhalation of infected respiratory droplets

Question 25

A baseballplayer cut his hand while trying to prepare dinner. He had a game later that night so he did not have time to clean it as well as he would have liked. After wearing his glove over the cut for the duration of the game he noticed that the cut seemed irritated. A few days later he developed pain, tenderness, swelling and warmth in the area of the cut, followed by a high fever. Upon examination, the doctor found that the infection had spread from the cut into the soft tissue of the dermis, but hand not penetrated the superficial fascia. What is most likely occurring on his hand?

Answer 25

cellulitis

Question 26

true / false A diagnostic sign of diphtheria, particularly in young children, is the presence of a pseudomembrane a the back of the throat.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

true / false | The only way for rabies to be transmitted from the an infected animals is through a bite.

Answer 27

false

Question 28

Which of the following is not a common symptom of an uncomplicated UTI?

Answer 28

grossly bloody urine

Question 29

true / false Syphilis is considered a 'stealth' pathogen, because unlike almost all other pathogens, this bacterium has few, if any, proteins on its outer surface.

Answer 29

true

Question 30

true / false | Enteritis is an inflammation of the intestine that is an infection not an intoxication.

Answer 30

true

Question 31

true / false Upper respiratory infections are most common in winter, in part because people are crowded indoors with little ventilation

Answer 31

true

Question 32

true / false The key to preventing death due to an arboviral encephalitis is to catch it early enough to treat it with one of several effective antiviral medications that are available.

Answer 32

false

Question 33

Which of the following are considered likely signs and symptoms of a bacterial urinary tract infection?

Answer 33

painful urination (dysuria) cloudy or bloody urine slight fever Correct all of the above

Question 34

true / false | Cystic acne almost always arises as an opportunistic infection caused by normal flora of humans.

Answer 34

true

Question 35

Who is most at risk to develop otitis media?

Answer 35

Children <6 years old

Question 36

What is not a primary sign or symptom of tuberculosis in its active form?

Answer 36

a bright red flash

Question 37

true / false Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome first presents in infants as red wrinkling skin near the mouth and then progresses to large blisters filled with fluid.

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Which of the following is a symptom of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection?

Answer 38

frequent urination

Question 39

true / false | Pathogens that cross the placental and infect the fetus cause perinatal diseases.

Answer 39

false

Question 40

What is the best way to prevent an infection with a virus that causes the common cold?

Answer 40

hand antisepsis

Question 41

Which of these is NOT caused by Streptococcus pyogenes ?

Answer 41

uncomplicated folliculitis

Question 42

Effusive diarrhea characterized by “rice water stool” is characteristic of

Answer 42

cholera

Question 43

The manifestation of this bacterial disease depend upon the pathogen's production of a protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). The EF is responsible for the swelling and the LF is responsible for the necrosis associated with this infection. Pathogenesis of this disease depends on the site of acquisition of the pathogen's endospores and is treated with antibiotics. What is this disease?

Answer 43

anthrax

Question 44

true / false | One of the hallmark signs of streptococcal pharyngitis is a persistent cough.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

This is an infection of an accessory structure of the GI tract, the liver. Signs of this infection include jaundice, hepatomegaly, and clay colored stool.

Answer 45

acute viral hepatitis

Question 46

Who is at most risk for contracting diphtheria?

Answer 46

unvaccinated childern <6

Question 47

All of the following are true of the measles except :

Answer 47

the infection is usually symptomatic only if the virus is contracted later in life

Question 48

Which bacteria is the most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections?

Answer 48

E. coli

Question 49

Which of the following antibiotics is not used in the treatment for tuberculosis?

Answer 49

penicillin

Question 50

Which of the following is an infection of the eyelash follicle?

Answer 50

sty

Question 51

true / false The diarrhea that occurs during cholera causes the body to lose most of its electrolytes, which results in dehydration and potentially death.

Answer 51

true

Question 52

true / false | Otitis media occurs mostly in children.

Answer 52

true

Question 53

17-year-old Madison went to the doctors in which it was confirmed that she was suffering from toxic shock syndrome, a focal infection. Which of the following could best confirm the presence of this syndrome?

Answer 53

detection of the presence of S. aureus in a location within the body with elevated oxygen and neutral pH

Question 54

The occurence or severity of rheumatic fever, a diseased caused by an infection due to S. pyogenes is dependent on which virulence factor(s)?

Answer 54

Streptolysin S

Question 55

Who are at risk for getting whooping cough? (select all that apply)

Answer 55

immunocompromised adults unvaccinated adults unvaccinated children

Question 56

Abrupt onset, intense wound pain, marked swelling, destruction of muscle tissue, and severe toxicity manifested by mental confusion are the main clinical characteristics of which of the following

Answer 56

clostridial myonecrosis

Question 57

true / false | Non-cystic acne is characterized by a widespread number of infected sebaceous glands and significant scarring.

Answer 57

false

Question 58

true / false | You can best prevent seasonal influenza A and B viruses by getting an annual injectable inactivated vaccine.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

This specific disease typically occurs in children and is one of the leading causes of non-traumatic blindness in humans. Some symptoms involve irritated eyelids and scarred cornea which is the cause of the blindness in patients who contract this. Based on the characteristics described, which of the following diseases fit the description?

Answer 59

trachoma

Question 60

What is the main virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ?

Answer 60

mycolic acid in the cell wall

Question 61

true / false | There currently is no vaccine for syphilis

Answer 61

true

Question 62

Which of the following is considered the best way to prevent salmonellosis?

Answer 62

Good personal hygiene and good kitchen practices with effective disinfectants

Question 63

What is the most common causative agent of the common cold?

Answer 63

rhinoviruses

Question 64

true / false | Both men and women are susceptible to developing a bacterial urinary tract iInfection.

Answer 64

true

Question 65

All of the following are risk factors for developing peptic ulcers except

Answer 65

use of birth control pills

Question 66

What age group is most at risk for otitis media?

Answer 66

children

Question 67

Enteritis is best described as:

Answer 67

Inflammation of the small or large intestine

Question 68

true / false | Viral pharyngitis is rarely accompanied by a cough.

Answer 68

false

Question 69

In infants and young children that experience the worst signs and symptoms, diphtheria can be diagnosed by visible presence of?

Answer 69

a pseudomembrane at the back of the throat

Question 70

All of the following conditions occur predominantly or exclusively because of an exotoxin activity of Staphylococcus aureus , except which one?

Answer 70

folliculitis

Question 71

true / false Even though cutaneous anthrax infections cause a visible and unsightly eschar at the site of infection rapidly after exposure, is it the manifestation of the disease that is least likely to be fatal.

Answer 71

true

Question 72

This specific disease can occur in anyone who is suffering a wound and usually the endospores of this pathogen can be transmitted from soil. The occurence of this disease requires that the endospores by inoculated into anaerobic tissue (usually deep within the muscle). People who contract this disease may suffer symptoms of intense disproportionate pain at the site of the wound. One of the hallmark signs of this infection is crepitus, which is defined as crackling or popping sensations experienced under the skin and joints due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue. Even with treatment, 40% of people who contract this disease may die. What disease is being described?

Answer 72

clostridial myonecrosis

Question 73

true / false | Meningococcal meningitis can be fatal within 24-48 hours.

Answer 73

true

Question 74

true / false Bacterial conjunctivitis, more commonly known as “Pink Eye,” is most often transmitted indirectly through air or food, or through biological vectors.

Answer 74

false

Question 75

true / false | Inflammation of the cornea is known as keratitis.

Answer 75

true

Question 76

Which of the following is not considered a typical sign or symptom of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 76

hemorrhaging from the eyes

Question 77

How is the measles virus most commonly transmitted?

Answer 77

direct transmission via aerosol droplets

Question 78

What is a primary virulence factor of the agent that caused lobar pneumonia?

Answer 78

a protective capsule

Question 79

Who is most likely to develop whooping cough after exposure to the infectious agent?

Answer 79

children under the age of 5

Question 80

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome occurs primarily in what populations? (select all that apply)

Answer 80

individuals with post-operative wound infections | menstrating women

Question 81

In the US, approximately what percentage of the population is affected annually by Influenza A&B viruses?

Answer 81

5-20%

Question 82

true / false | Shingles typically occurs in children under 10 years old.

Answer 82

false

Question 83

Which of the rash manifestations below is not seen in chickenpox?

Answer 83

``` all of these rash manifestations can occur with chickenpox macules papules vesicles pustules ```

Question 84

A child is home sick from school following Christmas break because they aren’t feeling well. Over the holidays the whole family had been diagnosed with a cold. Now, two weeks later he has additionally, been diagnosed with a community-acquired pneumonia . Which form is the most likely?

Answer 84

lobar pneumonia

Question 85

Which of the following is not considered an effective preventative for contracting chlamydia?

Answer 85

vaccination

Question 86

Which of the following is considered the primary symptom of cholera?

Answer 86

large volumes of watery diarrhea

Question 87

Which of the following diseases is NOT potetntially caused by Staphylococcus aureus ?

Answer 87

antrax

Question 88

true / false | To prevent developing botulism, children should not be fed honey until they are at least 10 years old.

Answer 88

false

Question 89

How can anthrax best be prevented in at-risk people?

Answer 89

vaccination

Question 90

All of the following are symptoms for whooping cough in infants except?

Answer 90

painful pharyngitis

Question 91

Human African trypanasomiasis is transmitted via :

Answer 91

the bite of a tsetse fly

Question 92

true / false | Men are the only ones at risk of contracting gonorrhoea.

Answer 92

false

Question 93

true / false Because they are often inhabitants of the skin and have easy access should the opportunity invade arise, Gram positive bacteria are the usual causative agents of skin and soft tissue infection.

Answer 93

true

Question 94

true / false | One of the earliest signs of necrotizing fasciitis is severe pain disproportionate to the appearance of the wound.

Answer 94

true

Question 95

Which of the following is a way that the Hepatitis B virus is transmitted?

Answer 95

via blood or blood products

Question 96

true / false | Chickenpox and shingles present with the same signs and symptoms, but shingles is milder because of prior immunity.

Answer 96

false

Question 97

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of a peptic ulcer?

Answer 97

fever

Question 98

Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of

Answer 98

Correct gastric (peptic) ulcers

Question 99

As flu season approaches, the scientists at the CDC are mapping what they think the flu will look like in order to create a vaccine. Unfortunately, two strains swap whole parts of their genomes resulting in a new strain. This is results in a______ caused by ______ ?

Answer 99

Correct Pandemic influenza, antigenic shift

Question 100

What sign or symptom is diagnostic for someone who has measles?

Answer 100

Koplik spots

Question 101

If the eardrum is intact, where do most infections of the middle ear arise from?

Answer 101

microorganisms that ascend the auditory tube from the nasopharynx

Question 102

Type I (polymicrobial) necrotizing fasciitis normally occurs following what?

Answer 102

surgical procedures

Question 103

What are the causative agent(s) of impetigo (pyoderma)? Select all that apply.

Answer 103

Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pygoenes

Question 104

true / false | Having good personal hygiene is one important way to prevent impetigo (pyoderma).

Answer 104

true