Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

4 Radiology > Extra oral views > Flashcards

Extra oral views Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

images relating to the mandible? 3

A

Poster-anterior mandible
Lateral oblique of mandible
DPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Images relating to the maxilla and cranium ? 3

A

Lateral cephalogram (skull)
Occipito-mental views (face)
Sailography (imaging of salivary glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Terminology - views - relate to direction of the x-ray beam

PA
AP
OM
Lat

A

postero-anterior
antero-posterior
occipito-mental
lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define positioning landmarks?

A

imaginary lines on the side of a patients face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name the 3 positioning landmarks

A

radiographic baseline
frankfort plane
maxillary occlusal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the radiographic baseline?

A

Line from outer canthus of the eye to external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the franfort plane?

A

Line from inferior orbital margin to external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the maxillary occlusal plane?

A

Line from the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which positioning landmark is red?

A

radiographic baseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which positioning landmark is yellow?

A

maxillary occlusal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which positioning landmark is blue?

A

frankfort plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what equipment is needed for extra oral radiography? 3

A

Skull unit or cephalometric unit with a high intensity, highly penetrating beam

Image receptor
- Cassette with intensifying screen and film
- Digital system cassette containing a phosphor plate

Anti-scatter grid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

There is more scatter radiation in skull radiography this can add to background fog and produce a greyer image lacking in contrast

Anti-scatter grid

Stops ? scattered in the patient reaching the ? and degrading the film, only the ???? are able to get through and reach the receptor

Narrow strips of ? alternating with ?

A

photons
receptor
straight high energy photons

lead
plastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this shows a scatter grid -> understand

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when x-rays pass through tissues, some are scattered. what is this called?

A

Compton scatter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Positioning a patient for extra-oral radiography

patient relative to film

Facial views
- Radiographic baseline ?* to film
- Median sagittal plane ?* to film

A

45
90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

positioning a patient for extra oral radiography

patient relative to film

Skull radiography
- Radiographic baseline ?* to film

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

positioning a patient for extra oral radiography

x-ray beam relative to patient

the beam can be in what 3 orientations?

A

postero-anterior
antero-posterior
lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

positioning a patient for extra oral radiography

Angle of the beam relative to the patient

Most head and neck radiography requires angles to move structures out of the way of other anatomy

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is this extra oral imaging technique?

A

PA mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is this extra oral imaging technique?

A

PA mandible as mandible is elongated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the main use of a postero-anterior mandible ragiograph?

A

fractures of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why is a PA mandible the preferred method of extra-oral views? 2

A

Reduced magnification of facial features
Reduce dose to eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the technique for taking a PA mandible?

A

Patient nose and forehead touching the film -> radiographic baseline 90*

Aim beam to midline (external occipital protuberance and between the eyes) of patient at height of mid-ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
nasal septum
26
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
coronoid process
27
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
angle of mandible
28
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
shadow of spine
29
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
neck of condyle
30
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
head of condyle
31
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
mastoid process
32
name this anatomical feature of a PA mandible
petrous part of temporal bone
33
what is this extra-oral imaging technique?
Lateral oblique radiography of the mandible
34
why do we do lateral oblique rather than just lateral?
Superimposition of two rami make it difficult to make sense of image
35
what extra-oral imaging technique is useful for children who cant tolerate bitewings?
lateral oblique mandible
36
lateral oblique mandible is useful for Fractures Pathology Assessment of wisdom teeth (though normally DPT) Dental assessment Caries in children who cannot tolerate bitewings
37
what equipment do you use for lateral oblique to query a fracture or pathology?
isoscentric skull unit or conventional x-ray tube (pathology) - vertical angulation - horizontal angulation
38
for lateral oblique mandibles how is a isoscentric skull unit used?
Patient supine Rotate machine into horizontal plane Angle 25* towards head Get patient to tilt head towards the receptor
39
what is this imaging technique?
lateral oblique mandible using isoscentric skull unit
40
what is this imaging technique?
lateral oblique mandible using skull unit
41
for lateral oblique mandibles what is the technique for using a dental tube with vertical angulation?
Patient holds receptor against and parallel to the side under investigation Tube head positioned beneath the lower border of the mandible not under examination Aim the tube towards the teeth under investigation Angle the tube slightly upwards
42
what imaging technique is this?
lateral oblique using dental tube with vertical angulation
43
what is this imaging technique
lateral oblique mandible using dental tube with horizontal angulation
44
how is a lateral oblique mandible using dental tube with horizontal angulation taken?
Patient holds receptor against and parallel to the side under investigation Tube head aimed along occlusal plane, just below ear towards the teeth being examined - Radiographic keyhole: triangular space between the back of the ramus and the cervical spine
45
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
coronoid process
46
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
condylar head
47
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
condylar neck
48
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
cervical spine
49
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
ramus of mandible
50
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
angle of mandible
51
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
hyoid
52
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
body of mandible
53
name this anatomical feature of a lateral oblique mandible (skull unit)
mental foramen
54
cephalometric radiography is used to view what structures?
maxilla and cranium
55
cephalometric radiography is useful for what?
orthodontics pre-orthognathic surgery (jaw surgery)
56
cephalometric radiographs can only be taken with what?
Cephalostat unit (usually attached to DPT)
57
cephalometric radiographs need to be reproducible as this is important for measurements before orthodontics and surgery. how is this achieved?
patient positioned with ear rods
58
what are the two views for cephalometric radiography?
lateral cephalometric radiography postero-anterior cephalometric radiography
59
lateral cephalometric radiography Mid sagittal plane ? to receptor Frankfurt plane ? Centre of x-ray beam aimed at ? Teeth in ?
parallel horizontal external auditory meatus occlusion
60
what extra oral view is this?
cephalometric radiography
61
what extra oral view is this?
lateral cephalometric radiography
62
what extra oral view is this?
Posteroanterior cephalometric radiography
63
what is the Only procedure where give patient lead apron (thyroid shield) as exposure and dose slightly higher?
cephalometric radiography
64
what is used to calculate the magnification of a cephalometric radiograph for surgical planning?
placing a magnification rod or ruler on the image
65
cephalometric radiography to ensure the magnification is ok we need a ? source to object distance ? object to receptor distance
long short
66
how do you see soft tissues with cephalometric radiography?
an aluminium filter Positioned over anterior face to absorb some of the x-rays, digital x-rays have software that does this automatically
67
Postero-anterior cephalometric radiograph Radiographic baseline ? to floor X-ray beam aimed at level of ?
parallel external acoustic meatus
68
what extra oral view is this?
occipito-mental view
69
what extra oral view is this?
occipito-mental view
70
what is seen in an occipito-mental veiw?
facial bones
71
what is occipito-mental view useful for?
ruling out fracture
72
To see all the bones in the face have to use different angulations of the beam. Standard views are OM ?*, OM ?* and OM ?*
0 10 30
73
occipito-mental view Positioning Patient faces receptor with ? and ? touching Radiographic baseline ?* to film X-ray beamed aimed at middle through ?????
nose chin 45 base of the nose
74
occipito-mental view Increasing downwards angulation projects dense bones of skull base away from facial structures, improving the view of the zygomatic arch
75
Cone beam CT 3D reconstructions of anatomy that give much more information than extra-oral radiography Should not be considered as first form of imaging for the patient as the dose is much greater

4 Radiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions