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4 Radiology > Panoramic radiography > Flashcards

Panoramic radiography Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what is the most common extra-oral radiograph in dentistry?

A

panoramic radiography

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2
Q

what is tomography?

A

allows slices of the subject to be viewed separately

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3
Q

what are the 2 types of tomography?

A

Conventional
Computed

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4
Q

what is the difference between conventional and computed tomography?

A

conventional is one slice
computed is multiples slices

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5
Q

what is panoramic radiography?

A

Form of conventional tomography where it captures and displays the curved shape of the jaws as a 2D image

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6
Q

panoramic radiography technique

Patient stands in ? of machine

X-ray source ? patient

Receptor ? patient

Both rotate at the same time ?* (they remain ? each other)

Whole thing takes ? so ? affects image greatly

A

middle

behind

in front of

180*
opposite

14 seconds
movement

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7
Q

modified version of linear tomography

X-ray source and receptor move in ? directions

Structures in the focal slice remain projected on the same point on the receptor and appear ?

Structures outside the focal slice are continually projected on different parts of the receptor and appear ?

the focal trough in panoramic radiographs are ?

A

opposite

clear

blurry

the jaws

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8
Q

panoramic radiography captures the full thickness of the jaw but the focal trough is a thin band where the image is clearest

as you go bucally or lingually to the focal trough the image quality ?

A

decreases

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9
Q

where is the focal trough thinner? why? impact?

A

the incisor region due to speed of rotation -> common for incisors to be blurry

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10
Q

what is a limitation of panoramic radiography (focal trough)?

A

ectopic teeth may be far out of the focal trough so appear missing

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11
Q

what is the default choice for panoramic radiography?

A

orthogonal programme

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12
Q

what does orthogonal programme aim to do? how?

A

provide an optimal view of the dentition

	○ X-ray angulation changed to more orthogonal (90* to teeth)
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13
Q

advantages of orthogonal programme panoramic radiographs? 3

A

Reduced overlap -> proximal caries

Improved view of pre molars

Interdental periodontal bone levels represented more accurately

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14
Q

disadvantages of orthogonal programme panoramic radiographs? 2

A

Distorts other structures
Narrower field of view -> may miss condyles

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15
Q

describe the magnification within the focal trough?

A

image is magnified 25%

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16
Q

describe the magnification of structures lingual to the focal trough

A

magnified more

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17
Q

describe the magnification of structures buccal to the focal trough

A

magnified less

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18
Q

describe the distortion of structures within the focal trough

A

not distorted as horizontal magnification matches vertical

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19
Q

describe the distortion of teeth positioned lingual to the focal trough

A

appear wider

as closer to x-ray source

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20
Q

describe the distortion of teeth positioned buccal to the focal trough

A

appear narrower

further from x-ray source and closer to receptor

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21
Q

what is field limitation?

A

instead of doing a full size panoramic radiograph, when appropriate reduce the area to reduce the dose

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22
Q

what are the 4 main components of a panoramic machine?

Study These Flashcards
A

X-ray tube head

Receptor

Control panel

Patient-positioning apparatus

23
Q

what are the 2 patient-positioning aparatus?

Study These Flashcards
A

bite peg

light beam markers

24
Q

what does the bite peg do (patient positioning)

Study These Flashcards
A

ensures edge-to-edge occlusion and both arches are in the focal trough plane

25
when is it impossible to get edge to edge occlusion on the bite peg?
class III occlusion
26
Patient too far forwards -> incisors appear ?
narrower as buccal to focal trough
27
Patient too far backwards -> incisors appear ?
wider as lingual to focal trough
28
here the incisors appear narrow, why is this?
patient too far forwards
29
here the incisors appear wider, why is this?
patient too far back
30
light beam markers the horizontal line matches what?
Frankfort plane (infraorbital margin -> EAM)
31
beam markers if the chin is down (frankfort plane above horizontal line) what happens to the occlusal plane?
smiling occlusal plane
32
beam markers if the chin is up (frankfort plane below horizontal line) what happens to the occlusal plane?
flat occlusal plane
33
look at this example where the Frankfort plane is horizontal
34
what has caused this wrong occlusal plane?
smiling occlusal plane chin down Frankfort plane below horizontal line
35
what has caused this wrong occlusal plane?
flat occlusal plane chin up Frankfrot plane above horizontal line
36
beam markers for patient positioning Vertical midline matches?
mid-sagittal plane
37
beam markers for patient positioning if the mid sagittal plane is not centred what happens?
distortion of one/both sides
38
beam markers for patient positioning if the mid-sagital plane is not vertical what happens?
distortion and occlusal plane cant
39
beam markers for patient positioning canine lines match what?
maxillary canines
40
what causes this excessive cervical spine shadow?
patient slumped
41
preparation for panoramic radiographs 3
Remove metal foreign bodies from head and neck e.g. piercings Keep patient as upright as possible - Patient slumped -> excessive cervical spine shadow Advise patient - Tongue to roof of mouth - Stand still - Don’t talk or swallow
42
what causes part of the image to be cut out?
sharp horizontal movement
43
what causes a smeared image?
slow horizontal movement
44
what causes Zigzag of mandible and teeth?
vertical movement of mandible
45
what causes this?
patient movement
46
what caused this air gap?
tongue not to palate
47
what has caused the left soft palate to be wiggly?
tongue movement
48
what has caused this zigzag pattern?
vertical mandible movement
49
what has caused this smear?
patient moving
50
what has caused part of the image to be cut out?
Brief sharp horizontal movement
51
are lead aprons required in dental radiography?
no
52
what is a quality standards checklist?
list of things to check on panoramic radiographic image
53
look at this quality standards checklist

4 Radiology (19 decks)

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