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Cell Biology > Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

A mesh of proteins and hydrated molecules

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2
Q

What are the functions of the ECM?

A
  • Establish cell integrity and shape
  • Proliferation
  • Differentiation
  • Migration
  • Microbe defence
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3
Q

What are the components of the ECM?

A
  • Fibrous proteins
  • Adhesion proteins/Glycoprotein
  • Hydrated macromolecules
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4
Q

Give examples of fibrous proteins present in the ECM

A

e.g. collagens, elastin

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5
Q

Give some examples of adhesion proteins/glycoproteins present in the ECM

A

e.g. fibronectin, laminin (component of basal lamina)

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6
Q

What does the basal lamina do?

A

Helps cells know their positioning

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7
Q

Give some examples of hydrated macromolecules in the ECM

A

e.g. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans (protein + GAGs)

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8
Q

What is the main ECM component?

A

Collagen

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9
Q

What is the structure of collagen?

A

Triple helix - 3 α chains

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10
Q

How does one know the importance of collagen?

A

Based on how many diseases are associated with collagen defects

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11
Q

Give an example of a collagen defect and its effect

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Defect with collagen assembly so loose joints –>susceptible to osteoarthritis

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12
Q

What does the vascular form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome entail?

A

Arteries that are prone to rupture

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13
Q

Where is collagen modified extensively during its synthesis?

A

In the Golgi body

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14
Q

What does hydroxytransferase require in the synthesis of collagen?

A

Vitamin C

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15
Q

Which enzyme is used during the synthesis of collagen?

A

Hydroxytransferase

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16
Q

Selected strands are ________ during collagen synthesis

A

Glycosylated

17
Q

Which protein forms connective tissue?

A

Elastin

18
Q

Reaction to form elastin

A

Tropoelastin —-> elastin

requires lysyl oxidase

19
Q

Which enzyme is catalyses the polymerisation of tropoelastin to elastin?

A

Lysyl oxidase

20
Q

Elastin is combined with which protein to form fibres?

A

Fibrillin

21
Q

Give an example of a genetic disorder to do with connective tissue

A

Marfan’s syndrome

22
Q

Which gene is mutated in Marfan’s syndrome?

A

FBN1

23
Q

Symptoms of Marfan’s syndrome

A
  • Elongated limbs
  • Problems with eyelids
  • Cardiac problems
24
Q

How is the matrix kept hydrated?

A

Sugars (e.g. GAGs, disaccharide chains) retain water to keep the matrix hydrated due to negative charge thus attracting Na+

25
Q

Which acid attracts water and induces swelling in a wound response?

A

Hyaluronic acid

26
Q

What are the roles of proteoglycans?

A
  • Cushioning
  • Filtering
  • Signal binding
  • Packing
27
Q

What do proteoglycans use to break up ECM to allow migrating cells through?

A

Hyaluronidase

28
Q

What can be used as a short term treatment for cartilage joints?

A

Injecting hyaluronic acid (cushioning)

29
Q

What are the adhesion glycoproteins and what do they do?

A

Fibronectin - binds cells and collagen

Laminin - axon promoting

30
Q

Where is laminin found?

A

In the basal lamina

31
Q

What are integrins? What do they link?

A

ECM receptors

Link the ECM and cytoskeleton

32
Q

Give an example of a disease associated with a defect in integrins

A

Glanzmann’s thrombosthenia

33
Q

What happens if you have Glanzmann’s thrombosthenia?

A

Problem with platelets, don’t bind to fibrinogen –> blood doesn’t clot

34
Q

How are integrins, ECM and cytoskeletal proteins involved in regulating cell movement?

A

Form focal adhesions

35
Q

Does integrin bind to actin?

A

Not directly

36
Q

What type of collagen is the most common? Where is it most commonly found?

A

Type I. In skin and bones

Cell Biology (21 decks)

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