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PHARM ANA LEC > EXTRACTIVE AND CRUDE FIBER CONTENT > Flashcards

EXTRACTIVE AND CRUDE FIBER CONTENT Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the WITHDRAWAL OF DESIRED CONSTITUENTS from crude drugs through the use of selected solvents in which the desired constituents are soluble.

A

EXTRACTIVE

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2
Q

Are VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL DRUGS that have undergone no other processes than collection, cleaning and drying.

A

CRUDE DRUGS

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3
Q

used in the manufacture of some pharmaceutical preparations

A

Semi-liquids or liquids of syrupy consistency

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4
Q

used in pill, ointment and suppositories

A

Plastic masses known as pilular or solid extracts

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5
Q

PLASTIC MASSES are known as

A

PILULAR / SOLID EXTRACTS

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6
Q

suited for incorporation into a POWDERED FORMULATION as in capsules, powders or tablets

A

Dry powders or Powdered extracts

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7
Q

A process in which the comminuted drugs is permitted to SOAK IN THE MENSTRUUM until the cellular structures is softened and penetrated by the menstruum and the soluble constituents are dissolved.

A

MACERATION

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8
Q

Is a process in which comminuted drug is extracted of its soluble constituents of the SLOW PASSAGE of a suitable solvent through a column of the drug. The drug is packed in extraction apparatus – the percolator with the extractive collected called the percolate.

A

PERCOLATION

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9
Q

This is a form of maceration in which GENTLE HEAT is used during the process.

A

DIGESTION

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10
Q

are prepared by MACERATING THE DRUGS for a SHORT PERIOD OF TIME with either cold or boiling water

A

FRESH INFUSION

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11
Q

an infusion is made with ½ - 1 oz dried herb to 2 pints of water, BREWED FOR SEVERAL HOURS OR OVERNIGHT

A

HERBAL INFUSION

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12
Q

This once popular process extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents from crude drugs by BOILING in water for 15 minutes, COOLING, STRAINING, and PASSING sufficient cold water through the drug to produce the required volume

A

DECOCTION

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13
Q

are found to be MOST EFFECTIVE and have MINIMAL SIDE EFFECTS.

A

DECOCTIONS

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14
Q

It is prepared from fresh herbs and is CONSUMED IMMEDIATELY after preparation and therefore there is no risk of adulteration, getting stale or degradation and untoward reaction.

A

DECOCTION

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15
Q

max ng timbol

A

25g

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16
Q

ADVANTAGES:
- w/o filtration
- can become the solvent after extraction

DISADVANTAGES:
- use small amount of sample
- expensive apparatus

A

CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION / SOXHLET EXTRACTION

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17
Q

ADVANTAGES:
- big amount of sample
- cheaper apparatus

DISADVANTAGES:
- w/ filtration

A

REFLUX DISTILLATION

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18
Q

solven is also known as

A

menstruum

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19
Q

solvent:
mabilis mag evaporate (maceration)

A

ETHER

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20
Q

a good solvent for RESINOUS matter & ALKALOIDS

A

ALCOHOL

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21
Q

Is the residue, consisting chiefly of CELLULOSE, that REMAINS UNDISSOLVED after successive treatment with boiling acids and alkali.

A

CRUDE FIBER

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22
Q

The method of analysis of fatty substances, waxes, resin, etc., usually consist of the determination of a NUMBER OF PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES or values known as _______

A

CONSTANT

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23
Q

Acid Value also known as

A

ACID NUMBER
ACIDITY INDEX

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24
Q

defined as the number of milligrams of KOH necessary to neutralize the FREE ACIDS in 1 g of oil, fat, wax, resin, balsam, and similar substances.

A

ACID VALUE / ACID NUMBER / ACIDITY INDEX

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25
Saponification Value or Saponification Number is also known as
KOETTSDORFER NUMBER
26
defined as the number of milligrams of KOH required to NEUTRALIZE THE FREE ACIDS & SAPONIFY THE ESTERS contained in 1 g of fat, fatty or volatile oil, wax, resin, balsam, and similar substances.
SAPONIFICATION VALUE
27
Is defined as the number of milligrams of KOH required to SAPONIFY THE ESTERS in 1 g of a fatty or volatile oil, fats, wax, balsam, resin.
ESTER VALUE / ESTER NUMBER
28
may also be calculated in the same manner as the Saponification value
ESTER NUMBER
29
defined as the substances PRESENT IN OILS & FATS that are NOT SAPONIFIED by alkali hydroxides but are soluble in ordinary fat solvents
UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER
30
When oil and fats are saponified, there remains a small amount of residue that may consist of _____ in VEGETABLE oils and ______ in ANIMALS
PHYTOSTEROL - plants CHOLESTEROL - animals
31
Is the number of grams of IODINE absorbed under specified conditions by 100 g of oil, fat, wax, or other substances.
IODINE VALUE / IODINE NUMBER
32
This value is a quantitative measure of the PROPORTION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS PRESENT, both free and uncombined as esters, that have the property of absorbing iodine
IODINE VALUE / IODINE NUMBER
33
fats that has 2-3 double bonds
POLYUNSATURATED
34
fats with single bonds
SATURATED
35
fats with one double bond
MONOUNSATURATED
36
have a VERY HIGH IODINE NUMBER, above 120, since they contain a large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
DRYING OIL
37
DRYING OIL IODINE NUMBER
ABOVE 120
38
have relatively LOW iodine number below 100.
NON-DRYING OIL
39
NON-DRYING OIL IODINE NUMBER
BELOW 100
40
have INTERMEDIATE iodine values, that is between 100 and 120
SEMI-DRYING OIL
41
SEMI-DRYING OIL IODINE NUMBER
BETWEEN 100 & 120
42
METHODS OF IODINE VALUE DETERMINATION THAT ARE NOT USED ANYMORE
Hübl Hanus Wijs
43
method of iodine value determination that is FIRST to be disregarded bcs una nawala sa market
HUBL
44
the number of milligrams of Potassium hydroxide equivalent to the hydroxyl content of 1 gram o the substance
HYDROXYL VALUE
45
This constant gives an indication of the IDENTITY & PURITY OF FATTY SUBSTANCES possessing alcoholic hydroxyl groups.
HYDROXYL VALUE
46
Is the number of milligrams of Potassium hydroxide required to NEUTRALIZE THE ACETIC ACID obtained by the saponification of 1 gram of acetylated fatty acids.
ACETYL VALUE OF FATTY ACIDS
47
Certain fatty oils particularly those of ANIMAL ORIGIN which are NOT HIGHLY REFINED, frequently contain some moisture and non-fatty tissue residues.
WATER & SEDIMENTS IN FATTY OILS
48
Also known as ETHEREAL oils or ESSENTIAL oils
VOLATILE OILS
49
Are generally complex products composed of MIXTURE OF COMPOUNDS of widely variant chemical characteristics
VOLATILE OILS
50
Orange, Caraway, Corriander, Lemon, Turpentine, Rosemary
OIL LIGHTER THAN WATER
51
Anise, Cinnamon, Clove, Sasafras
OIL HEAVIER THAN WATER
52
Hydrocarbons Alcohols Esters Ketones
LIGHTER THAN WATER
53
Aldehydes Phenols Phenolic derivatives Esters
HEAVIER THAN WATER
54
Specific gravity of official volatile oil range between
0.84 & 1.2
55
determine optically active substances
ROTARY POWER
56
The ________ the congealing point of the oil the MORE they are valued
HIGHER
57
ASSAY FOR ALCOHOL CONTENT * APPARATUS:
Acetylization Flask
58
ASSAY FOR PHENOL CONTENT * APPARATUS:
CASIA FLASK
59
ASSAY FOR VOLATILE OIL IN SPIRITS * APPARATUS:
BABCOCK BOTTLE
60
MAY BE DEFINED AS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES 1. Which are obtained from plant, animal or synthetic sources 2. Contain organic nitrogen(s) within their chemical structure 3. Possess physiological activity
ALKALOIDS
61
Alkaloids (R3N) arealso called
FREE ALKALOIDS
62
are SPARINGLY SOLUBLE in water but readily soluble in most organic solvent.
ALKALOIDS
63
are READILY SOLUBLE in water and sparingly soluble in organic solvents
ALKALOIDAL SALTS
64
Alkaloids combine directly with _______ to form salts that are usually soluble in water but insoluble in certain organic solvents
ACIDS
65
Alkaloids combine directly with acids to form _____ that are usually soluble in water but insoluble in certain organic solvents
SALTS
66
Alkaloids combine directly with acids to form salts that are usually __________ but insoluble in certain organic solvents
SOLUBLE IN WATER
67
Alkaloids are liberated from ___________ of their salts by alkalines
AQ. SOLUTIONS
68
Alkaloids are liberated from aqueous solutions of their salts by ________
ALKALINES
69
Alkaloids form _____________ with a considerable number of reagents, especially with the salts of some HEAVY METALS, such as mercury, gold, and platinum.
HIGHLY INSOLUBLE PRECIPITATES
70
Is prepared by slowly adding a 10% solution of Potassium iodide to RED MERCURIC IODIDE until all is dissolved.
VALSER'S
71
VALSER'S REAGENT POSITIVE RESULT
WHITE PPT
72
Is a solution containing 1.275 g of iodine and 3.6 g Potassium iodide dissolved in sufficient distilled water to make 100 mL
WAGNER'S
73
WAGNER'S POSITIVE RESULT
REDDISH BROWN PPT
74
s a solution of 1.3558 g of MERCURIC CHLORIDE in 60 mL of water and mixed with 5 g of Potassium Iodide in 10 mL of water and the mixture diluted to 100 mL with water.
MAYER'S
75
MAYER'S POSITIVE RESULT
YELLOW PPT
76
Solution of POTASSIUM BISMUTH IODIDE
DRAGGENDORFF'S
77
DRAGGENDORFF'S POSITIVE RESULT
ORANGE PPT
78
If the percent of extractive represents the TOTAL OF A CLASS of plant principles, such as; alkaloids, glycosides, etc.
PROXIMATE ASSAY
79
If the PERCENT EXTRACTIVE FROM A CRUDE DRUG represents a single chemical species, such as morphine
ULTIMATE ASSAY
80
CAFFEINATED COFFEE SPECS:
NLT 1% NMT 2%
81
DECAF COFFEE SPECS
NMT 0.8%

PHARM ANA LEC (11 decks)

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