Extraversion and neuroticism 1

Question 1

low scorers for extraversion

Answer 1

self-contained, quiet

Question 2

high scorers for extraversion

Answer 2

outgoing, sociable, competitive and ambitious

Question 3

low scorers for neuroticism

Answer 3

not anxious

Question 4

high scorers for neuroticism

Answer 4

anxious/ worry often
prone to mood swings and sadness

Question 5

six facets of extraversion

Answer 5

gregariousness
activity levels
assertiveness
excitement seeking
positive emotions
warmth

Question 6

six facets of neuroticism

Answer 6

anxiety
self-consciousness
depression
vulnerability
impulsiveness
angry hostility

Question 7

correlates of extraversion

Answer 7

salary
high-thrill sports
sexual partners
smiling
sociability
interest in fame
competitiveness

Question 8

why is everyone not extraverted

Answer 8

humans are most socially orientated species - however scale still needed

Question 9

costs to extraversion

Answer 9

tend to be higher for relationship breakdown
more possibility for conflict with low agreeableness
more likely to participate in high-risk behaviours

Question 10

correlates of neuroticism

Answer 10

depression
health
stress and hassles
relationship dissatisfaction
anxiety disorders

Question 11

why may neuroticism not necessarily be bad

Answer 11

fewer accidents in adulthood as do not tend to do dangerous things

Question 12

what is neuroticism related striving

Answer 12

Increased performance amongst uni students high in ego strength (self discipline)
tend to have success in “thinking” occupations

Question 13

Caveats of Eysenck’s research

Answer 13

many of his ideas have been proven to be incorrect
supported race science, particularly for intelligence
published for far right wing outlets

Question 14

what is the main biological component for extraversion

Answer 14

cortical arousal

Question 15

what does ARAS stand for

Answer 15

Ascending reticular activating system

Question 16

what is the role of the ARAS

Answer 16

mediated the physiological change from deep sleep to wakefulness
mediates transition from wakefulness to high attention
(electrical activity ion the cortex)

Question 17

How did Eyesenck find arousal theory of extraversion

Answer 17

proposed that ARAS in low and high individuals operate at different levels

cortices in low E scorers are much more active than high E

Low E scorers seek out less stimulation from their environment as it is over-arousing and vice versa

Question 18

evidence for Esenck’s theory of arousal

Answer 18

low E scorers appear require higher doses of sedative drugs than extraverts to make them unconscious (but only if they score highly for neuroticism)

Question 19

what is reinforcement sensitivity theory

Answer 19

an extension of Eysenck’s theory by one of his students

Question 20

three dimensions in RST

Answer 20

BAS (behavioural approach system)
BIS (behavioural inhibition system)
Fight flight freeze system

Question 21

what is the behavioural inhibition system

Answer 21

Responds to stimuli that one desires or needs but contain potential threat

Question 22

what is the BAS linked to

Answer 22

dopaminergic system

Question 23

what is the BIS linked to

Answer 23

septo-hippocampal system in the amygdala
originally labelled anxiety

Question 24

what is the fight flight freeze system

Answer 24

Responds to threatening, punishing or frustrating stimuli

Question 25

what is the FFFS linked to

Answer 25

Linked to amygdala, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray

Question 26

how do the three dimensions relate to E and N

Answer 26

reward signals = positive affect punishment= negative affect differences in sensitivity to reward related to extraversion differences in sensitivity to punishment related to neuroticism

Question 27

what type of tasks are used to induce positive and negative affect

Answer 27

tasks where the participant's ego is involved

Question 28

how has extraversion and mood induction been investigated (larson et al 1989)

Answer 28

67 students 30 success feedback - positive induction 37 failure feedback - negative induction

Question 29

findings for extraversion larson et al

Answer 29

high extraversion = strong positive change in mood following positive induction but no change in mood following negative induction

Question 30

findings for neuroticism larson et al

Answer 30

Individuals higher on the N dimension showed a strong negative change in their mood following the negative mood induction but little change in mood following the positive mood induction

Question 31

how might larson et al findings be evidence of a double dissociation

Answer 31

- Susceptibility to positive mood induction - related to individuals differences in extraversion but not neuroticism Susceptibility to negative mood induction - related to individual differenced in neuroticism but not extraversion

Question 32

what does the cybernetic big five theory suggest about extraversion

Answer 32

Extraversion relates to who is more motivated by the possibility of attaining a given reward and who gets more enjoyment out of a reward when attained

Question 33

what is the social activity hypothesis

Answer 33

Individuals high in extraversion tend to spend more time in social situations - social interaction mediates to the relationship between extraversion and positive affect

Question 34

how does social contribution relate to neuroticism

Answer 34

when an individual feels like they are having an impact in a social situation is what mediates the relationship between extraversion and positive affect - to do with the strengths of relationship