intelligence and cognition 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is intelligence
very general capability that involves the ability to
reason
plan
solve problems
think abstractly/learn quickly
Francis Galton on intelligence
Made the first attempt at creating a standardized test for
rating a person’s intelligence
statistical concept of correlation
how did Galton feel intelligence could be measured
Hypothesised that intelligence should correlate with observable traits such as reflexes, muscle grip, and head size.
controversies with Galton
coined eugenics
encouraged healthy above average intelligence to bear more children
aimed at removing related genes from the population
what did Spearman find
Spearman noticed that there were positive correlations between students’ performance in lots of very different subjects
what is Spearmna’s G
Iq
general intelligence
general cognitive ability
general mental ability
how much does the g factor account for varaince in IQ
50%
What did Binet seek to measure
find an objective way to identify children who needed additional help
mental vs chronological age
important inferences for Binet
measures of intelligence were not always generalisable and could only apply to children of similar backgrounds
Most frequently used test for adults (modern day)
(Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test)
what is matrix reasoning
looking at all aspects of each picture and then solve the missing part
what is block design
arranging blocks in a specified order
what is figure weights
presented with a series of scalees and weights with different shapes
asked to even out the scales
digit span tasks
pattern of numbers
asked to repeat forward or back
what is letter number sequencing
random numbers and letters
asked to read back in order of numbers and letters
benefits of using WAIS
2200 people tested in US
Ethnicity, sex and regional mix reflective of population and good spread of educational backgrounds
substantial correlations found on all of the tasks
how does WAIS relate to IQ
all correlations scaled on an average
full scale IQ (G) is a weighted average all of them
average IQ levels for WAIS
90 to 109
what are the three levels in the hierarchy of mental ability
- individual cognitive tests
- cognitive domains
- g
insight into specific factors from WAIS
combination of g and group factor does not account for how well people perform
seems to be very specific abilties
evidence of Spearman’s g as a universal expression
widely observed in Western populations
when samples from non-western pops found a single factor emerged
likely a universal phenomenon in humans
