Eye Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Lens is _______ tissue
A
cellular
2
Q
The lens is (avascular/vascular)
A
vascular
3
Q
What is the function of the ciliary body?
A
Contacts and changes the shape of the lens to allow for up close vision
4
Q
Sclera is continuous with _______.
A
meninges
5
Q
Retina is continuous with _______.
A
optic nerve
6
Q
The optic nerve has how many layers?
A
two
7
Q
What developing structures do hyaloid vessels supply?
A
retina and lens
8
Q
Hylaloid vessels get to the retina and lens via the ________.
A
ventral cleft
9
Q
What is a Coloboma?
A
Retention of the ventral cleft (ventral cleft left behind)
10
Q
Coloboma gives the appearance of a _______.
A
keyhole pupil
11
Q
What structure can coloboma involve?
A
iris or whole sclera
12
Q
Both layers of the optic cup form the _______.
A
retina
13
Q
inside layer of the optic cup is the _______ retina.
A
visual
14
Q
outside layer of the optic cup is the ________ retina.
A
pigmented
15
Q
What is the function of the pigmented retina?
A
Absorb light to make vision more acute
16
Q
______ forms conjunctival sacs (insides of eyelids).
A
surface ectoderm
17
Q
Eyelids _____ with each other during development and _____ closer to birth.
A
fuse, open
18
Q
Right before and after birth lens receives nourishment via ______.
A
diffusion from vitreous and aqueous humor
19
Q
The part of the hyaline artery in the eyeball ________ right before birth.
A
disappears
20
Q
The ______ becomes the central artery of the retina.
A
hyaline artery
21
Q
Where is the central artery of the retina located?
A
In the middle of the optic nerve
22
Q
How is the optic nerve different from the other cranial nerves?
A
it is a brain fiber tract surrounded by meninges and CSF
23
Q
The _______ surrounds the optic nerve.
A
meninges
24
Q
How does an increase in intracranial pressure affect there eye?
A
Increase in intracranial pressure due to increase in CSF puts pressure on the optic nerve, central artery and vein of retina.
25
What is the embryologic basis of a detached retina?
The two layers of the optic cup never tightly fuse.
26
The _________ of the eye pushes the visual retina against the pigmented retina.
vitreous humor
27
What can cause the pigmented retina to separate from the visual retina? What happens to the visual field because of this?
a blow to the head, its like a black curtain is covering part of that person's visual field
28
The cornea is what type of tissue?
dense connective
29
Cornea is continuous with ______ and ______
sclera, dura mater
30
Choroid is continuous with _____ and ______
arachnoid, pia mater
31
sclera is covered with _______
conjuctiva
32
What will happen if you lose the central artery of the retina?
blindness
33
_______ fibers make up the cornea.
Collagen
34
What gives the vitreous humor and aqueous humor a gelatinous consistency?
hylauronic acid
35
The aqueous humor provides nutrition for the _______ and _______.
cornea, lens
36
What allows light to pass through the cornea?
the alignment of its collagen fibers
37
Aqueous humor is produced by the _________.
ciliary body
38
Aqueous humor gets back in the bloodstream via the __________.
canal of schlemm
39
Glaucoma is _________ pressure in the __________.
increased, aqueous humor
40
What is the effect of increased pressure in the aqueous humor?
glaucoma
impacts the vitreous humor which affects the retina leading to possible blindness
41
What is the mechanism of narrow angle glaucoma?
fibrosis or adhesion between the peripheral part of the iris and the cornea
inhibits reabsorption of aqueous humor into coal of schlemm
42
What is the optic disc?
The area where the optic nerve becomes the retina.
43
A blind spot is formed by the ______.
optic dis
44
The ____________ is the area of most acute vision.
macula lutea
45
What is the fovea?
Thin, dense layer of retina with all cones
46
The _______ is located in the macula lutea
fovea centralis.
47
Macular pigment blocks all _______ light
UV
48
When the _________ muscle contracts, the pupil gets smaller.
pupil sphincter
49
If oculomotor nerve is lost will have a _______ pupil.
dilated
50
pupil spinchter muscles completely surround the _______
iris
51
ciliary muscles completely surround the ______
lens
52
pupil dilator muscles completely surround the ________
pupil
53
Mechanism of ciliary muscles
ligament connects ciliary body to lens
at rest the suspensory ligament pulls the lens taught in a flat position
when the muscle contracts puts slack in the ligaments and allows the lens to round up
54
Where is the ciliary body located?
between the iris and the lens
55
Where does the optic cup end
pupil
56
At the ______ the outer layer of the optic cup becomes the inner layer
pupil
57
Optic cup is continuous with the ______ and ______
ciliary body, iris
58
The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the __________.
conjunctival sac (space under the eyelids)
59
Pathway of tears
1. lacrimal gland
2. conjuctival sac
3. lacrimal papilla with puncta
4. lacrimal caniculli
5. lacrimal sac
6. nasolacrimal duct
7. inferior meatus of nasal cavity
60
lacrimal puncta is hole inside the _______
lacrimal papillae
61
The nasolacrimal duct drains into the ________
inferior meatus
62
What is the limbus
anatomical conversion place between
63
What is the plica semilunaris?
third eyelid
64
Tarsal secretions of the eye are ______
continuous
65
A loss of sympathetic innervation to the superior tarsus muscle would lead to______.
droopy eye
66
ciliary glands are at the _______ of the eye lid associated with _________.
margin, eyelashes
67
Tarsal glands extend into the _______ and _________.
upper eyelid and lower eyelid
68
What type of muscle is located in the orbit?
smooth
69
What type of muscle forms the extraocular muscles?
striated from head mesenchyme
70
Rectus muscles originate from the __________.
Anulus tendineus
71
Annulus tendineus surrounds the _______.
optic nerve
72
The _______ nerve and _______ nerve go through the annulus tendineus.=
oculomotor (III), Abducens (VI)
73
The _________ nerve does not go through the annulus tendinus
trochlear (IV)
74
What are the elevators of the pupil?
superior rectus
inferior oblique
75
The depressors of the pupil are _______ and ________.
superior oblique
inferior rectus
76
The superior rectus goes ______ to its point of origin? (direction)
medially
77
Does the eye rotate around a horizontal or vertical axis of rotation?
horizontal axis of rotation
78
Why is the medial rectus the best adductor?
farthest from axis of rotation so has great leverage
79
What are the aDductors of the pupil?
medial rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
80
What are the aBductors of the pupil?
lateral rectus
superior oblique
lateral oblique
81
How to test eye muscle function?
Align the visual axis with the line of pull of the muscle
82
How would you test the function of the superior rectus
Have patient look out first to align visual axis with the line of pull of the muscle
have patient look up
83
patients should look out (lateral) first to test function of which eye muscles
superior rectus
lateral rectus
84
patients should look in (medial) first to test eye function of which muscles
superior oblique
inferior oblique
85
Which cranial nerve is injured the most?
abducens
86
Why is cranial nerve VI the most commonly injured?
Has the longest intracranial course. Travels over sharp part of petrous part of temporal bone all the way to the orbit.
87
Which part of which bone does the abducens travel over leaving it vulnerable to damage?
petrous part of the temporal bone
88
Nerves coursing through the fat of the orbit are branches of the _________ nerve.
trigeminal
89
What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve?
frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary
90
The nasociliary nerve branches into _____ and _______.
anterior and posterior ethmoid nerves
91
External nose innervation stems from the _________ nerves.
anterior and posterior ethmoid
92
The ______ and ______ receive parasympathetic innervation in the orbit.
ciliary muscle
pupil sphincter (constrictor)
93
Short ciliary nerves provide _________ and ________ to the orbit.
postsynaptic parasympathetics, general sensory neurons
94
The _______ nerve synapsed onto the _______ ganglion, providing general sensory neurons to the orbit
nasociliary, ciliary
95
parasympathetics for the lacrimal gland exit the brain with the _______ nerve, synapse onto the ______ ganglion, and follow the _________ nerve to the gland.
Facial, pterygopalatine, zygomatic
96
_____ and _____ are branches of the nasociliary nerves.
ciliary nerves (long and short), ethmoid nerves (ant. and post.)
97
The _____ half of the central artery of the retina is in the optic nerve.
distal
98
The ophthalmic artery travels with the _______ through the optic canal.
optic nerve
99
Most of the arteries of the orbit follow the ________.
trigeminal nerve
100
The venous blood of the orbit drains backwards into the ________.
dura sinus
101
Pathway of ophthalmic vein
cavernous sinus
petrosal sinus
sigmoid sinus
internal jugular vein (out the skull)
