Neck Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
How can you differentiate cervical vertebrae from the other types
A
There is a hole (transverse foramen) in the transverse process for the vertebral artery
2
Q
C1 is the _____
A
Atlas
3
Q
The atlas supports the _______.
A
skull
4
Q
C2 is the _____
A
Axis
5
Q
The axis has an _________ process that articulates with the ring of the atlas.
A
odontoid
6
Q
Odontoid is a pivot point for rotation of the ______.
A
atlas
7
Q
The atlas articulates with the _______ bone, causing the skull and atlas to rotate around axis together.
A
occipital
8
Q
The atlas has _____ body.
A
No
9
Q
The atlanto-occipital joint is for _______ and _______.
A
flexion, extension
10
Q
The ______ joint is for rotation.
A
Atlanto-axial
11
Q
What motion represents flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint?
A
a short nod
12
Q
In development the ______ is the body of the atlas (C1) but it fuses with the axis (C2)
A
dens
13
Q
Is there any epidural space in the skull?
A
No
14
Q
The tectorial membrane covers the __________ joint.
A
Atlanto-axial
15
Q
_______ ligaments go from the dens to _______ bone to check rotation
A
Alar “Check”, occipital
16
Q
The alar ligaments become ________ during rotation to limit it.
A
taught
17
Q
The cruciate ligament holds the _____ against the _____.
A
dens, atlas
18
Q
The ________ membrane continues as the posterior longitudinal ligament
A
tectorial
19
Q
The tectorial membrane continues as the ________ ligament
A
posterior longitudinal
20
Q
The posterior longitudinal ligament is anterior to the _______.
A
spinal cord
21
Q
The sternocleidomastoid muscle extends the __________ joint.
A
Atlanto-occipital
22
Q
What is the cause of torticollis?
A
greater muscle tone or fibrosis in one of the sternocleidomastoid muscles
23
Q
Torticollis acts as one of the sternocleidomastoids is __________
A
contracting
24
Q
What are the functions of the trapezius muscle?
A
extends the neck
laterally bends the neck
rotates to the opposite side
25
What are the functions of the SCM
flex intervertebral joints
laterally bend neck
rotate to opposite side
extend Atlanta-occipital joints
26
The branchial plexus and subclavian artery pass behind the _________ scalene.
anterior
27
What structures are anterior to the anterior scalene
Phrenic nerve and subclavian vein
28
The anterior and middle scalene muscles attach to the ______ rib
first
29
The posterior scalene muscle attaches to the _____ rib
second
30
What are the functions of the scalene muscles
laterally bend the neck
rotate neck the opposite side
help raise the rib cage
31
Scalene muscles can help raise the rib cage when we _______.
inhale
32
What is scalene anticus syndrome?
compression of the brachial plexus and/or the subclavian artery
33
The __________ is the space between the anterior and middle scalene muscles.
interscalene triangle
34
Patients with scalene anticus syndrome will get pain in the _______ extremity
upper
35
What structures are affected by costo-clavicular syndrome?
brachial plexus, subclavian artery, subclavian vein
36
Nerve/vascular compression in costa-clavicular syndrome occurs between the ______ and ______.
clavicle, first rib
37
Infrahyoid strap muscles are innervated by the _______
ansa cervicalis
38
Ansa cervicali stems from the __________.
cervical plexus
39
Which muscles allow the hyoid bone and larynx to be moved up and down?
infrahyoid strap muscles
40
The _____ muscle allows the hyoid bone and larynx to be moved forward and back.
digastric
41
Movement of the larynx and hyoid up and down modulates ______ of the voice.
pitch/volume
42
Movement of the hyoid is important for what function?
swallowing
43
Whiplash/hyperextension causes ______ tissue injury.
soft
44
The ______, ______, ______, and _______ can be injured in Whiplash.
anterior longitudinal ligament w/ruptured disc
longus coli
scalene
trachea/larynx
45
The _______ scalene muscle is most likely to be damaged in whiplash.
anterior
46
In hyper flexion injury the articulations between ________ are are disrupted.
cervical vertebrae
47
What can result because of hyperflexion injury?
Dislocation of cervical vertebrae
Vertebrae can slide onto one another
Spinal cord compression
48
What posterior structures are torn in hyperflexion?
interspinous ligaments
joint capsules
49
Torn posterior structures results in _________ dislocation of the cervical spine.
anterior
50
How can you tell there is a hyperflexion injury via x-ray?
cervical vertebrae is posterior to the anterior edge of the vertebrae above it
51
The _______ is crushed in a compression injury
body of cervical vertebrae
52
In severe cases of compression injury the _______ can be damaged.
spinal cord
53
How can a compression injury damage the spinal cord?
Fragments of the crushed cervical vertebrae can extend into the vertebral canal
54
_______ the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle is the carefree area
Above
55
_______ the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle is the careful area
Below
56
The _________ is located in the carotid triangle
Carotid sheath
57
The infra hyoid strap muscles are located in the ________ triangle
muscular
58
The _______ muscles border the submandibular triangle
digastric
59
_________ fascia surrounds the vertebral compartment
prevertebral
60
________ fascia surrounds the visceral compartment
pretracheal
61
______ fascia surrounds both the visceral and vertebral compartments
deep
62
vertebral compartment consist of ______ and _______.
bone, muscle
63
Why is the area between the visceral compartment and the vertebral compartment called the danger zone
If blood or infection gets in this area it can spread widely from the skull all the way to the mediastinum
64
Retropharyngeal space is between _______ and ________ fascia
alar, pretracheal
65
Why is the retropharyngeal space not as dangerous as the danger space?
Te alar and pretracheal facia fuses at the neck so it will not allow blood/affection to get to the mediastinum
66
If you have a swelling in the retropharyngeal space why would it only be on one side and not midline?
the alar fascia fuses with the pretracheal fascia in the middle
67
alar fascia is ___________ fascia above the level of the trachea
buccopharyngeal
68
inferior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to _________ and _________.
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
69
The __________ travels through the thyrohyoid membrane
internal laryngeal
70
The superior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the ________ muscle
buccinator
71
Which artery travels through the thyrohyoid membrane?
superior laryngeal artery
72
the middle pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the _________.
hyoid
73
The _________ nerve travels between the superior and middle constrictor
glossopharyngeal
74
The glossopharyngeal nerve is ______ sensory to the pharynx.
visceral
75
The vagus nerve provides ________ innervation to the pharynx.
motor
76
The auditory tube and elevator palati passes above the _________ constrictor.
superior
77
The _______ muscle and glossopharyngeal nerve travel between the superior and middle constrictor above the hyoid bone.
stylopharyngeus
78
The _________ raphe is the interface between the superior constrictor and buccinator muscle.
pterygomandibular
79
The pharyngeal tubercle is the part of the _______ part of occipital bone
basilar
80
The auditory tube connects the middle ear cavity with the __________.
nasopharynx
81
The _______ membrane serves as an emergency airway
cricothyroid
82
In a hospital setting an airway can be created through the ________ rings
Tracheal
83
The cervical plexus consist of _______ rami of ________ nerves
ventral, cervical spinal
84
The motor component of the cervical plexus consist of the _______ nerve, ________, and direct ________ branches.
phrenic, ansa cervicalis, muscular
85
The ansa cervicalis lies on the __________.
carotid sheath
86
The cervical plexus consist of what type of nerves?
motor and cutaneous
87
C1 fibers of the cervical plexus travel with the ________ nerve to thyrohyoid and and ansa cervicalis
hypoglossal
88
cutaneous branches emerge from the _________ triangle
posterior
89
the posterior triangle is between the __________ and __________.
SCM, trapezius
90
Cutaneous branches of the neck are are _______ sensory and postsynaptic __________.
general
sympathetics
91
What type of innervation do cutaneous branches provide?
general sensory
postsynaptic sympathetics
92
Which vein does the greater auricular nerve travel with?
external jugular vein
93
The _________ nerve travels over the internal and external carotid arteries
hypoglossal
94
infrahyoid muscles are ________ to the carotid sheath
anterior
95
superficial temporal vein is a straight shot to the ________ jugular vein.
external
96
Facial (anterior) vein is a straight shot to the ________ jugular vein.
internal
97
__________ vein serves as a connection between external jugular vein and internal jugular vein
retromandibular
98
The communicating branch nerve serves as a connection between the _________ vein and _______ vein.
interior jugular, anterior jugular
