Pediatric Airway

Question 1

Tracheobronchial stridor is __________ when obstruction occurs in the chest.

Answer 1

expiratory

Question 2

Tracheobronchial stridor is _________ when obstruction occurs in the neck.

Answer 2

inspiratory

Question 3

Sterter is heard with obstruction of the ________.

Answer 3

pharynx

Question 4

Glottic and sublgottic stridor is _________.

Answer 4

biphasic

Question 5

________ stridor is inspiratory.

Answer 5

Supraglottic

Question 6

At the pulmonary level airway obstruction is experienced as ________.

Answer 6

wheezing

Question 7

Wheezing should be identified via _______ not ___________.

Answer 7

auscultation, naked ear

Question 8

What type of breathers are neonates?

Answer 8

obligate nasal breathers

Question 9

Recurrent laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation the larynx.

Answer 9

motor

Question 10

Superior laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation to the larynx.

Answer 10

sensory

Question 11

Superior laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation to the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 11

motor

Question 12

Swallowing involves _______ number of muscles.

Answer 12

27

Question 13

The larynx _______ during swallowing.

Answer 13

elevates

Question 14

The larynx consist of _______, ______, ______, ________.

Answer 14

epiglottis

false vocal cords

true vocal cords

arytenoid cartilage

Question 15

bilateral vocal fold paralysis is usually of _______ etiology.

Answer 15

congenital

Question 16

Laryngeal pathoma is caused by ________ exposure during birth.

Answer 16

HPV

Question 17

Why are laryngeal pathomas removed as children get older although their pharynx is larger and not as impacted by the lesions?

Answer 17

The lesions impact the voice.

Question 18

The most common cause of airway obstruction in neonates is _____________.

Answer 18

Laryngomalacia

Question 19

At what level of the airway does laryngomalacia occur?

Answer 19

Supraglottic, above the vocal cords

Question 20

_________ is an indication of intervention in laryngomalacia.

Answer 20

Losing weight.

Question 21

______ shaped epiglottis is associated with laryngomalacia

Answer 21

Omega

Question 22

What results in the stridor heard in laryngomalacia?

Answer 22

The shortened aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis being sucked into airway

Question 23

In surgical management of laryngomalacia the _________ are cut to open up the airway.

Answer 23

Aryepiglottic folds

Question 24

_____ puts pressure on voice box and causes it to collapse posteriorly.

Answer 24

Vallecular cyst

Question 25

What are some complications of vallecular cyst?

Answer 25

severe sleep apnea, feeding difficulties

Question 26

subglottic stenosis is anything that causes __________ to not be as patent as it should be.

Answer 26

cricoid ring

Question 27

Children with _______ tend to have subglottic stenosis.

Answer 27

Down's syndrome

Question 28

_____ cartilage is used to make cricoid cartilage larger in post-laryngeal reconstruction

Answer 28

Rib

Question 29

_______ presents at 4-6 weeks rather than at birth

Answer 29

subglottic hemangioma

Question 30

Subglottic hemangioma is often mistaken for _______ due to its response to steroids.

Answer 30

Croup

Question 31

Subglottic hemangioma has ________ stridor.

Answer 31

Biphasic

Question 32

_______ is used to treat subglottic hemangioma,

Answer 32

Propanolol

Question 33

Reflux is an additional symptom of which laryngeal pathology?

Answer 33

laryngomalacia

Question 34

Trachea ______ varies at different levels and respiration.

Answer 34

diameter | Ex. chest compresses the trachea during expiration

Question 35

_____ is tip where bronchioles split off from the trachea

Answer 35

Carina

Question 36

_________ is narrowing of airway due to abnormally shaped tracheal rings.

Answer 36

Trachealmalacia

Question 37

Should the carina be sharp or blunt?

Answer 37

sharp

Question 38

What is the purpose of the horse shoe shape of tracheal rings?

Answer 38

To resist intrathoracic pressure

Question 39

Why do children with trachealmalacia have longer viral syndromes?

Answer 39

Mishappen tracheal rings cause them to trap secretions

Question 40

Tacheal esophageal fistula can lead to recurrent _________.

Answer 40

pneumonia

Question 41

Describe a slide tracheoplasty.

Answer 41

Trachea is split horizontally, front half split in front, bottom half split in back they are brought together to create a shorter but wider trachea

Question 42

Slide tracheoplasty has a __________ suture line.

Answer 42

diagonal

Question 43

________ compression creates a malformed tracheal ring resulting in tracheomalacia.

Answer 43

Innominate artery

Question 44

The _________ artery is an innominate artery and it can compress the trachea.

Answer 44

brachiocephalic

Question 45

How is innominate artery compression treated?

Answer 45

By suturing it to the sternum