Eye Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
What is the use of telescope lens?
A
for chromatic aberration correction
2
Q
What is biometry?
A
calculation of IOL power
3
Q
- Why is retinoscopy is done?
- when does it have no informative value?
- retinoscopy streak neutralisation means?
A
- for checking refractive power of the eye
- in patient of sudden visual loss
- that refraction is done in that meridan
4
Q
Purpose of keratometer?
A
calculate power of front of cornea
5
Q
What is measured by synaptophore?
A
Binocularity, retinal correspondence, angle of deviation, degree and range of fusion
6
Q
In old age why does near vision decreases?
A
due to decrease curvature of lens
7
Q
Anterior staphyloma is not?
A
myopic retinal change
8
Q
cyclosporin MOA?
A
inhibit T-cell differentiation
9
Q
Atropine action on eye?
A
paralysis of sphincter pupillae
10
Q
MOA of local anaesthetics
A
bind to Na channels in ionised form or close Na channels
11
Q
What is the primary determinant of local anaesthetic activity?
A
protein binding affinity and lipid solubility
12
Q
Latanoprost MOA?
A
increase uveoscleral outflow and decrease aqueous production by 30%
13
Q
MOA of atropine
A
competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetyl choline/ anti cholinergic
14
Q
epinephrine avoided in patient taking?
A
amitriptyline
15
Q
Drug that inhibit DNA gyrase and cell proliferation?
A
quinolone
16
Q
What increases sensitivity to tetracaine and depolarising paralytic agents?
A
tetracaine
17
Q
Drug causing lid retraction?
A
apraclonidine
18
Q
Drug causing follicular conjunctivitis?
A
Brimonidine
19
Q
Drug used to treat diabetic macular edema
A
Ranibizumab
20
Q
Drug that cause parasympathetic blockade will cause?
A
dry mouth and mydriasis
21
Q
When does sudden painless visual loss with no fundal glow occurs?
A
vitreous hemorrhage
22
Q
When does sudden painless visual loss in young patient with no systemic problem occurs?
A
Eales disease
23
Q
When does sudden painless visual loss in 25weeks pregnant lady occurs?
A
exudative retinal detachment
24
Q
What is the first effect of HTN intraocularly?
A
Arteriosclerosis
25
Nuclear cataract conditions?
Rubella and smoking
26
Cortical cataract condition?
UV light and diabetes
27
Loss of contrast sensitivity is also a symptom of?
cataract
28
Posterior subcapsular cataract conditions?
Steroids and diabetes
29
Young boy having severe asthma treated by inhaled steroid might be at risk of developing?
Cushing syndrome
30
iridodonesis occurs due to?
Lens sublaxation
31
Xeroderma pigmentosa is caused because of? symptom?
caused = damage to DNA repair gene
symptom = corneal opacity
32
What is Potter syndrome?
ocular anomalies + corneal defect + lens prolapse
33
When do vossius rings form?
anterior lens after trauma
34
What is LEAST likely to influence the result of therapy?
Polarity of laser
35
Posterior staphyloma seen in?
dengerative myopia
36
Earliest visual field defect in POAG is?
isolated paracentral nasal scotoma
37
Damage to optic nerve head is in?
Chronic simple glaucoma
38
Superior and inferior polar cup notching is the specific sign of?
Glaucomatous change
39
Anterior chamber volume is greatest in?
congenital glaucoma
40
Buphthalmos is a sign of?
congential glaucoma
41
Hypermetropia is not a risk factor for?
POAG
42
Vogt’s triad seen in post attack of?
angle closure glaucoma
43
phacolytic glaucoma patient presents with?
raised IOP, deep anterior chamber, cells and flare, hypermature cataract and diabetes
44
Pigment dispersion in anterior chamber can lead to?
open angle glaucoma
45
Neovascular glaucoma is not a cause of?
sudden painless vision loss
46
In congenital glaucoma horizontal lines (Habb striae) are present on cornea due to?
disruption of decement membrane
47
Ophthalmia neonatorum - caused by? baby presents with?
Maternal vaginal gonococcus
pus discharge
48
Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by?
Maternal vaginal chlamydia
49
What is the most common cause of viral corneal ulcer?
HSV-1
50
Retinitis pigmentosa which drug causes it?
Thioridazine
51
In iridocyclitis ‘water logging’ causes
increased water in iris stroma and release of prostaglandins cause miosis
52
Nanaophthalmia does not present as?
cystic palperbral bulge
53
In albinism there is? 3 things
photophobia, strabismus and nystagmus
54
Eye findings in turner syndrome are?
ptosis, blue sclera and dyschromatopsia
55
findings in Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)?
intraocular cartilage, ciliary body colobomas, small eyes, iris and ciliary body deformities, renal dysplasia and vasculature in vitreous
56
Persistant hyperplastic vitreous is
sporadic
57
CRAO likely cause is?
arteriosclerosis
58
What slows down the progress of diabetic retinopathy?
ipsilateral glaucoma and chorioretinal scarring
59
If a person has difficulty in looking down lesion is in?
midbrain
60
Band keratopathy means?
calcium deposits between cornea and bowman membrane
61
A pt can’t see laterally with his left eye and don’t feel sensations in the lower right body the lesion will be in?
internal capsule
62
Lesion of PICA=?
nystagmus, hemianopia, horner and loss of temperature sensation on face
63
Painful peripheral corneal ulceration of unknown ethology is called? treatment by?
mooren ulcer treated by steroids
64
White pupillary reflex (leukocoria) in an infant diagnosed with PHPV is because of?
hyperplastic pupillary membrane
65
When are rods and cones visible?
end of first trimester
66
When does corneal nerves appear?
5th month of gestation
67
when does the pupillary membrane disappears?
8th month of gestation
68
When does the frontal sinus form?
after birth
69
How long does the optic nerve take to me completely myelinated?
until 3 months after birth
70
Where are the sphincter and dilator pupillary muscles derived from?
ectoderm of optic cup
71
What is the afferent and efferent of corneal reflex?
ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal is afferent and facial nerve is efferent
72
What type of epithelium of cornea?
st. squamous non-keratinised
73
What is the corneal basement membrane attached to?
bowman layer
74
What anatomical limbus and what is surgical limbus?
Anatomical limbus is schwalbe's line and surgical limbus is beginning of bluish area marking the transition between cornea and sclera
75
Canal of Schlemm/sinus venosus sclera location?
posterior to limbus and anterior to scleral spur
76
Where does the lacrimal nerve arises from? what are its components?
arises from origin of lateral rectus and includes sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic components
77
what is the longest portion of optic nerve and its length?
intraorbital portion and length 25mm
78
where is the nucleus of oculomotor nerve?
midbrain
79
What is the blood supply of intracranial, intraorbital and intracanicular portion of optic nerve?
ophthalmic artery
80
What does lesion of Edinger Westphal nucleus cause?
absent light reflex and absent accomodation
81
Sympathetic supply to dilator pupillae?
long ciliary nerve
82
In cranium, what is the relation of optic nerve to internal carotid artery and anterior cerebral artery?
medial to internal carotid artery and inferior to anterior cerebral artery
83
Where do the infraorbital nerve and nerve from pterygopalantine ganglion run through?
inferior orbital fissure
84
In cavernous sinus, where do the trochlear nerve lie in respect to oculomotor and ophthalmic nerve?
Lies between oculomotor nerve above and ophthalmic nerve below.
85
HTN with blurred vision, improves on tilting to left side and right eye moves upward and inward, lesion?
right superior oblique
86
Bilateral peripheral vision loss after trauma to which vessel?
PCA
87
Where does PCA pass from in respect to oculomotor nerve?
PCA passes above oculomotor nerve and joins PCA to ICA
88
Afferent and efferent of light reflex?
afferent is optic nerve and efferent is oculomotor nerve
89
Trigeminal ganglion is like?
posterior root ganglion of spinal cord
90
Where is maxillary nerve?
pterygoid fossa
91
Central retinal artery lies? where does it emerge from?
lies within optic nerve and emerges from optic disc within optic nerve
92
Patient can easily see far objects and can move eye in all directions but cannot focus at near objects, this is due to?
dysfunction of short ciliary nerve and ciliary ganglion
93
Posterior part of posterior limb of internal capsule/ retrolental part of internal capsule related to?
optic radiation
94
