Neurology Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
What is the most common cause of septic meningitis?
A
Streptococcus
2
Q
An 85yrs old patient underwent splenectomy after which he develops meningitis, organism?
A
Streptococcus
3
Q
A lady with mild sore throat infection died. Autopsy shows B/L adrenal gland enlargement and cortical haemorrhages, organism involved?
A
N.Meningitis
4
Q
Colour of CSF in TB meningitis?
A
Opalescent
5
Q
A cat is decerebrated at mid-collicular level, what happens?
A
Exaggerated stretch and tendon jerk reflex
6
Q
GTOs detect tension in?
A
Agonists
7
Q
Tendon is struck with a hammer, what is excited?
A
Nuclear bag at the end of muscle spindle
8
Q
In patellar reflex what receptors are involved?
A
Muscle spindle
9
Q
Response to CNS about muscle stretch to detect changes in?
A
Muscle spindle
10
Q
Muscle shortening in response to stretch is?
A
Predominantly flexors
11
Q
Both alpha and gamma motor neuron in the descending pathway are excited during?
A
Voluntary muscle contraction
12
Q
Stretch muscle will cause contraction of?
A
Muscle which is stretched
13
Q
After RTA Pt presents with spinal cord injury, findings will be?
A
spastic paralysis
14
Q
During tracheostomy, increased bleeding is due to injury of?
A
Anterior jugular vein
15
Q
Infection of the deep investing layer and pretracheal layer will spread to?
A
Anterior mediastinum
16
Q
Brain stem not functioning, which function is still spared?
A
Withdrawl reflex
16
Q
Which reflex is the polysynaptic reflex arc?
A
Cremasteric reflex
17
Q
In reflex arc, which part of the brain is involved?
A
Cerebral cortex
18
Q
Which artery passes in the floor of sub-occipital triangle?
A
Vertebral artery
19
Q
A
20
Q
Submandibular gland lies between?
A
Anterior belly of digastric and mandible
21
Q
Structure which separates the superficial and deep part of submandibular gland?
A
mylohyoid
22
Q
Person can’t shrug his shoulder and has ptosis, meiosis, nerve involved?
A
accessory nerve and sympathetic chain
23
Q
In TMJ, dislocation which structure prevents the joint to go back into the cavity?
A
Lateral pterygoid
24
Excessive yawning, which muscle?
Lateral pterygoid
25
Proprioception’s of TMJ, muscle of mastication’s and teeth, hard palate and periodontium are perceived by?
Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
26
Pt with pain while chewing. Muscle tender on palpation. muscle involved?
Masseter
27
Parotid swelling pain is through?
compression of auriculotemporal nerve
28
The superficial temporal artery is accompanied by which nerve?
Auriculotemporal nerve
29
Trauma to mandible, lower teeth and chin sensation are lost. nerve compromised?
Inferior alveolar nerve
30
Pituitary adenoma invades which bone?
Sphenoid bone
31
A pt. feel swelling in the supraclavicular fossa whenever he coughs. He gives hx. that he was shot in the neck some years back, lesion is in?
Suprapleural membrane
32
Where does the trigeminal ganglion located in?
lies in the petrous part of temporal bone in middle cranial fossa
33
Spinal cord at L4 level, what structure will be absent?
Lateral horn
34
Spinal anaesthesia is given below?
below L2
35
Lower limit of subarachnoid space extension into?
coccygeal ligament
36
Anterior and posterior roots of spinal cord from L1-L5=?
Cauda equina
37
Weakness on right and diplopia on seeing left lesion is in?
Midbrain
38
Visual issue. infarct present in blood vessel of visual centre, which artery?
Posterior cerebral artery
39
PICA blockage, part of brain affected?
Dorsolateral part of medulla
40
Function of preoptic area of hypothalamus?
cooling of body
41
Heat conservation is carried out by?
Posterior hypothalamus
42
Body temperature compared with temperature control set point, which area is involved?
Anterior hypothalamus
43
A boy standing in hot sunny day heat loss is by?
Cutaneous hyperemia
44
Pituitary hormone which is an opioid peptide?
B-endorphin
45
Which hormone exhibits relation between weight and puberty?
Leptin
46
What is the commonest site for pyogenic brain abscess?
frontal lobe
47
What is the commonest site for pyogenic brain abscess?
Nucleus basalis pf meynert
48
Perception of disgust by which area?
Left insular cortex
49
Lesion in the parieto-occipito-temporal lobe causes?
prosopagnosia
50
Facial recognition in daily life is done by which of the following parts?
fusiform gyrus of temporal lobe
51
Thalamic haemorrhage leads to?
hyperesthesia
52
Pt develops sensory loss over left side of body. A few days his behaviour is changed and becomes angry after touching. Lesion is in?
Right thalamus
53
Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve is present at? nucleus ambigus lies in?
both in medulla
54
Upper medulla section contains what?
Nucleus Ambigus
55
most sensitive cells to hypoxia are?
Neurons
56
When does myelination of nerve fibre in CNS begin in intrauterine life?
at 4 mnths
57
Nissl bodies absent in? mainly present in?
absent in axon hillock and present in RER
58
Antigen presenting cells of intestine are?
M cells
59
Area of brain where flask shaped cell bodies are present with multiple parallel dendrites?
Cerebellar cortex
60
Most of the mitochondria in a neuron are found in?
Axon endings
61
In spinal ganglia, which neurons are present?
pseudounipolar
62
Damage to middle meningeal artery causes hematoma formation between?
Dura Calvaria
63
At pterion which branch of middle meningeal artery given?
Deep branch of the middle meningeal artery
64
Fracture of anterior inferior of parietal bone with non-blood-stained CSF leads to?
Epidural hemorrhage
65
1.Deep coma caused by?
2. prolonged coma? 3. permanent coma?
1. Nucleus cerelous
2. Periaqueductal gray matter (middle lobe)
3. Thalamus
66
Patient falls while the eyes are closed, cause?
Dorsal column lesion
67
Regarding posterior gray column tract one extends?
until the whole length of spinal cord
68
Synapses are absent in?
Dorsal root ganglion
69
In dorsal column of posterior cord which neurotransmitter is present between dorsal root ganglion and pain inhibitory fibres in spinal cord?
Enkaphalin
70
In spinal cord, the fibres from lower limb and upper limb in the posterior column goes in which manner?
medial to lateral
71
Medial leminiscus is formed by decussation of?
internal arcuate fibers
72
Lesion to medial leminiscus at the level of midbrain will cause loss of?
fine touch
73
Damage to dorsal horn of spinal cord at spinal cord level leading to ataxia results in?
proprioception not reaching sensory cortex
74
A 26yrs old man with gunshot wound to spine after which he lost sensations to lower limbs, loss of power but increased tone and plantar up going with central clonus lesion at?
Both corticospinal and spinothalamic tract
75
Hemi-section with total spinal section is differentiated by?
Spinal shock
76
Right lower limb paralysis with loss of pain at T9, loss of vibration at T8 and B/L reflexes are normal, lesion of?
Lesion of spinothalamic tract at T8
77
Loss of all sensations bilaterally below the lesion by?
Complete cord transaction
78
What is the significant finding of LMNL?
Muscle wasting
79
A 65yrs old male develops right sided hemiplegia and slight deviation of mouth to the left while talking. He is able to close his eyes on demand, what other finding there can be?
Clasp Knife rigidity
80
Pt complains of paresis of limbs due to UMN injury, site of lesion will be in which tracts?
Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
81
Increased neural activity before a skilled voluntary movement is first seen in?
Cortical association area
82
Final common motor pathway is?
Alpha efferent of spinal motor neuron
83
Pt with hemiplegia of left side, motor neuron lesion plus homonymous hemianopia, lesion at?
forebrain
84
After RTA, pt presents with spinal cord injury, findings will be?
spastic paralysis
85
Analysis of the clasp knife reflex suggests that the reflex is most likely a?
flexion reflex induced by stimulation of nociceptors
86
Lesion in the pyramidal tract will lead to loss of which function?
Motor
87
What type of motor fibres are given by the pyramidal tract?
alpha and gamma
88
Which tract contains the descending corticospinal tract fibres derived from ipsilateral cerebral cortex?
pyramidal tract
89
Babniski sign positive, is observed in a neuronal lesion involving?
medullary pyramids
90
Post ganglionic fibres are present in?
all spinal nerves
91
Regarding fibres of adrenal medulla preganglionic reaches through which nerve?
Splanchnic nerves
92
Sympathetic cholinergic stimulation causes?
Vasodilation in skeletal muscles
93
Increase secretion by salivary glands is by? and by what it will act on blood vessels?
Parasympathetic and acts on blood vessels by VIP
94
Pelvic splanchnic nerves are?
Parasympathetic
95
NMJ of cardiac muscles supplied by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are?
Postganglionic
96
Each spinal nerve has?
Sympathetic
97
Ejaculation in males in through which nerve?
Pudendal nerve
98
Morphine side effect?
meiosis + bradycardia
99
Fibers of pain and warmth?
type C
100
What is a sensory non-adapting receptor?
Pain
101
A lady cut her radial artery accidentally by which mechanism will reduce pressure in vessel and stop bleeding?
type C
102
neurotransmitter in outflow of basal ganglia?
GABA
103
A chemical neurotransmitter that causes initiation of labour and cervical ripening?
Nitric Oxide
104
Which receptor detects steady pressure?
Ruffini corpuscle
105
Which receptor is abundant on the tip of finger?
Meissner corpuscle
106
Loss of two point discrimination after RTA, lesion in?
Lateral inhibition
107
Mechano-receptors of warm have?
long receptive field
108
Uncapsulated nerve fibres for touch are?
Merkel disc
109
Stimulus for high threshold mechanoreceptors is received by?
Lamina II
110
Stimulus for low threshold mechanoreceptors is received by?
Lamina III and IV
111
Neck of bladder and urethra sympathetic nerve supply from root?
L1 to L2
112
Lower respiratory bronchioles sympathetic nerve supply from root?
T3-T4
113
Which of the following lies in the margin of the tentorium cerebelli, running from the posterior end of cavernous sinus to the transverse sinus?
Superior petrosal sinus
114
During surgery of the mastoid antrum, surgeon notes profuse bleeding from the posterior wall of mastoid antrum, source of bleeding is?
Sigmoid sinus
115
Thyrohyoid muscle nerve supply is by?
C1 through hypoglossal nerve
116
A pt with nausea, vomiting and vertigo. this is associated with?
Dorsal nucleus of vagus with vestibular nerve
117
If superior colliculus is compressed. it will affect eye muscles and cause?
Contralateral saccades
118
What is CSF normal pressure in cm of water? in mmHg?
10-20cm of water
7-15mmHg
119
What lies posterior to cerebral aqueduct in midbrain?
Colliculus
120
Ascending reticular formation is located in?
floor of aqueduct of sylvius
121
Spinal cord is suspended in dura by?
Dentate ligament
122
Epidural space extension is from?
from foramen magnum to S2
123
Site of epidural anaesthesia for patient undergoing vaginal hysterectomy is?
Sacral hiatus
124
Semi-circular canals in cortex of ear are maximally stimulated while doing?
Cartwheel
125
Low voltage/ frequency beta waves are seen when?
during active mentation/thinking
126
Main artery of subclavian which takes part in shoulder joint anastomosis?
thyrocervical
