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Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Diabetic pt. draining abscess from jaw, finding on microscopy?

A

granuloma with abscess

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2
Q

How sarcoidosis is differentiated from TB?

A

symmetrical B/L lymphadenopathy

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3
Q

A boy from Afghanistan with discharging sinus in the lateral neck with nigh sweats and fever. Culture shows no growth. Next confirmatory test to be done?

A

Biopsy > ZN staining

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4
Q

AFB is non-resistance, non-encapsulated due to?

A

Cell wall glycoprotein

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5
Q

Initial test to detect microorganism of leprosy?

A

Nasal scraping test

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6
Q

Pt with low grade fever, night sweats, hematuria, urine R/E shows 25 RBC/HPF, ultrasound unremarkable, cause?

A

Renal TB

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7
Q

Antibodies in TB are bound to?

A

cell

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8
Q

Pt took ATT drugs for 2 months, presented with moderately elevated ESR, due to?

A

superimposed acute bacterial infection

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9
Q

Most likely cause of negative Mantoux test in pt. with TB is?

A

Immunosuppressive therapy

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10
Q

Location of pulmonary TB in lungs?

A

posterior segment of upper lobe lung

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11
Q

Isoniazid induced hepatic injury increased by?

A

N-acetyl cysteine deficiency

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12
Q

Female pt. on ATT using OCP still conceive, which drug is responsible?

A

Rifampicin

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13
Q

Pt. with history of cough with sputum, O/E right lung expiratory wheeze. CXR perihilar lymph node involvement. Biopsy shows squamous cell Ca., cause?

A

Radon gas

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14
Q

A smoker patient with interstitial lung disease and pleural plaques, cause?

A

Asbestosis

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15
Q

A man with silicosis presented with pulmonary nodules. Mechanism of formation of nodules is?

A

Giant cell formation

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16
Q

A man with weightloss and lesion in the lung, present with hemoptysis and histology shows small cell clusters (morphology of neoplastic cells), causative agent?

A

Smoking

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17
Q

41yrs old woman with 1yr history of episodic dyspnea. O/E expiratory wheeze. CXR shows few small perihilar nodules. Lab shows elevated IgE with esinophillia. Sputum sample shows eosinophils, finding most likely present in her bronchi?

A

non-invasive aspergillosis

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18
Q

Rhinosinusitis reports invasion of lamina media, extensive endothelial damage and thrombosis, diagnosis?

A

Mucormycosis

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19
Q
  1. Main cause of farmers lung is due to micro-organism?
  2. most common micro-organism?
A
  1. Micropolyspora faeni
  2. Aspergillosis
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20
Q

The finding of pleura ruptured in pneumothorax is?

A

Inward lung collapse and outward chest wall spring

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21
Q

COPD patient, O2 pressure at 10cm of water PEEP for 24hrs would cause?

A

Pneumothorax

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22
Q

What happens to V/Q in pulmonary embolism?

A

increase V/Q

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23
Q

Which type of infarction occurs in thromboembolism in lungs?

A

Hemorrhagic infarction

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24
Q

Pale infarcts occurs in which condition?

A

Embolic/Ischemic stroke

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25
55yrs old female with known case of hematological disease admitted to hospital with history of sudden onset of dyspnea, ECHO shows severe pulmonary hypertension. Best possible cause associated with her condition?
Repeated pulmonary embolism
26
The most common feature of pulmonary embolism?
Clinically silent
27
Capnometer is used to measure pCO2, what else can it be used for?
Air embolism
28
A 30 weeks pregnant lady has SOB and dies after 5 days, cause?
pulmonary embolism (since nothing specified in stem, choose this answer)
29
30
A 32yrs old G4 para 2 admitted in antenatal ward at 32weeks. History of right leg swelling for 3 days. Doppler confirms DVT. Most important factor responsible for thromboembolic disease?
Venous stasis
31
A 55yrs old lady with swelling of both legs and B/L pleural effusion, with AST 263, ALT 223, LDH 760, CK 150. no fever or other symptoms, diagnosis?
Recurrent thromboembolism
32
Absolute contraindication of OCP?
Hx of stroke
33
The most common physiologic cause of hypoxemia is?
Ventilation-perfusion inequality
34
Inspiratory ramp signals are produced from the dorsal respiratory neurons, their rate increases in response to impulses from?
Pneumotaxic center
35
ABGs show pCO2 70, pO2 90, HCO3 raised, this picture is due to which mechanism?
due to stimulation of central chemoreceptors
36
A patient on ventilation support was given 60% oxygen and 40% nitrogen, after taking the ventilator off, there were brief episodes of apnea before getting back to normal. this is due to?
low arterial O2 suppressing peripheral chemoreceptors
37
Increase respiration during exercise occurs due to?
due to increase PCO2
38
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is accentuated by?
increase PCO2
39
During the first minute of apnea, the pCO2 rises upto?
8mmHg
40
A person doing regular exercise. What factor in this condition increases his respiratory rate?
proprioceptors
41
Herring Breuer reflex will lead to inhibition of what in central respiration?
Dorsal neuron of central respiration
42
Alveolar ventilation is decreased by?
Hering-Breuer reflex
43
What is important regarding dead space?
conditioning of inhaled air
44
What is Meigs syndrome?
ascites+hydrothorax+ovarian tumour
45
Best site for pleural tap/ thoracocentesis?
Lower border of 9th intercostal space mid axillary line
46
When the respiratory muscles are relaxed the lungs are at?
FRC
47
Contraction of diaphragm causes what affect on the lung volume?
Increases lung volume
48
Man on ventilator what will happen if you give positive expiratory force?
Gas redistribution
49
Asthma involves what part of lung?
Medium sized bronchioles
50
Vital capacity less than 80% occurs in?
Restrictive lung diseases
51
Parameter that doesn’t change in restrictive disease?
FEV1/FVC ratio
52
A 28 weeks pregnant lady with premature labour delivers baby who develops respiratory distress and put on ventilator. CXR shows diffuse pulmonary opacities. finding in the lung tissue?
decrease lamellar cells in type 2 pneumocytes
53
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in alveoli is through which channels?
O2 sensing K channels
54
Pulmonary vasoconstriction occurs due to reduced systemic?
reduced systemic PO2
55
Stagnant hypoxia caused by heart failure causes?
polycythemia
56
Hypoventilation causes hypoxia due to?
low PO2 in blood
57
Hypoxia associated with decreased PO2 and increased A-a gradient?
right to left shunt
58
Earliest symptom of acute anoxic anoxia?
lassitude
59
Methemoglobinemia causes what type of hypoxia?
Anemic hypoxia
60
Pulmonary fibrosis causes what type of hypoxia?
Stagnant hypoxia
61
When is erythropoietin always raised?
Secondary polycythemia
62
A 40yrs old non-smoker presents with splenomegaly and congested face, feature that best supports diagnosis of polycythemia?
increased red cell mass
63
Old person presented with weakness and lethargy. Blood show increase RBC, WBC and platelet count. Bone marrow shows hyperplasia. diagnosis?
myeloproliferative disorder
64
EPO is inhibited by?
theophylline
65
Pt with raise BP, EPO decreased, raised creatinine, defect in which cells?
Juxtaglomerular cells
66
In right shift of the curve the atmospheric pressure will be?
35mmHg
67
Left shift of curve due to low PCO2 is known as?
Haldane effect
68
The effect of oxygenation on carboxyhemoglobin is by?
Le chatelier
69
During pregnancy, dyspnea due to progesterone, finding will be?
Min. ventilation increases
70
A pregnant lady develops pain after few hours of delivery. ECG shows s1, Q3, T3. What is the most appropriate test for diagnosis?
Gallium scan
71
A pregnant lady presents with hyperemesis gravidum and alkalosis. Electrolyte abnormality?
Hypokalemia
72
Cervical ectropion occurs in?
Normal physiology
73
Difference between carb metabolism in pregnant and non-pregnant lady?
Postprandial hyperglycemia
74
An epileptic lady currently on phenytoin becomes pregnant. She is concerned about medication. What to do?
replace with barbiturate

FCPS (7 decks)

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