Eye and Orbit Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
accessory visceral structures
A
eyelids extraocular muscles nerves and vessels orbital fascia conjunctiva lacrimal apparatus
2
Q
tarsi attachments
A
medial and lateral palprebral ligaments
3
Q
tarsal gland secretion
A
lipids
4
Q
bulbar fascia
A
posterior loose connective tissue going into the orbit
5
Q
bulbar conjunctiva
A
anterior clear layer over the sclera
6
Q
palprebral conjunctiva
A
clear layer lining eyelids
7
Q
conjunctival sac
A
space bordered by bulbar and palpebral conjuctiva
8
Q
conjunctivitis
A
inflammation of the conjunctiva
9
Q
lacrimal glands produce
A
lacrimal fluid- lubrication
10
Q
lacrimal fluid drains into
A
lacrimal canaliculi in inferomedial eye
11
Q
lacrimal canaliculi drain into
A
lacrimal sac- superior dilation of nasolacrimal duct
12
Q
lacrimal sac drains into
A
nasolacrimal duct which leads into nose
13
Q
lacrimal gland location
A
fossa for lacrimal gland in superiolateral orbit
14
Q
nasolacrimal duct drains into
A
inferior nasal meatus
15
Q
anterior segment
A
anterior to lens
16
Q
anterior chamber
A
anterior to iris
17
Q
posterior chamber
A
posterior to iris
18
Q
posterior segment
A
posterior to lens
19
Q
aqueous humor
A
in anterior segment
20
Q
vitreous humor
A
in posterior segment
21
Q
glaucoma
A
increased anterior segment pressure caused by increased aqueous humor possibly due to blocked scleral venous sinus
22
Q
scleral venous sinus
A
drains aqueous humor of anterior segment
located in the irido-corneal angle
23
Q
sphincter pupillae
A
closes pupil via parasympathetic
24
Q
dilator pupillae
A
opens pupil via sympathetic
25
sclera
attachment sites for extraocular and intrinsic eye muscles
26
most of light refraction by
corena
27
ciliary muscle contracts to
do accomodation- focus on near things
| makes lens more rounded
28
2 layers of retina
neural- photoreceptors
| pigmented- absorbs excess light so none is reflected
29
blood supply to retina
central artery/vein of retina
30
optic disc
medial (nasal)
| where optic nerve and blood vessels enter
31
macula
lateral to optic disc where light hits the retina
32
fovea
indention in macula with highest visual acuity
33
choroid
layer with blood vessels
34
papilledema
bulging of the optic disc due to swelling of central vein of retina from compression by CSF in meninges due to increased cranial pressure
35
branches of the ophthalmic artery supplying the eye and surrounding
```
central artery of retina
posterior ciliary
lacrimal--> anterior ciliary
supraorbital
ethmoid branches
```
36
order of things light goes through
```
vitreous humor
ganglion cell axons
retinal ganglion cells
bipolar neurons
photoreceptors
pigmented layer
sclera
```
37
major visual pathway
retinal ganglion axons--> lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)--> occipital lobe
38
pupillary light reflex
pretectum (between thalamus and midbrain)
39
optic nerve damage
lost vision from that side
40
optic chiasm damage
temporal fields lost in both eyes
41
optic tract damage
loss of opposite side visual field in both eyes, nasal in same side, temporal in other side
42
optic chiasm or tract comopression
flashes where there are none
43
medial orbit boarders
lacrimal
ethmoid
sphenoid
44
lateral orbit boarders
greater wing of sphenoid
| frontal process of zygomatic
45
superior orbit boarders
orbital part of frontal
| lesser wing of sphenoid
46
inferior orbit boarders
orbital process of palatine
maxillary
zygomatic
47
optic canal is in the
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
48
4 holes in the orbital cavity
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure
fossa for lacrimal sac
infraorbital groove
49
superior orbital fissure location
between lesser and greater wings of sphenoid
50
optic canal location
in the lesser wing of sphenoid
51
inferior orbital fissure location
between the greater wing of sphenoid and maxillary bone
52
infraorbital groove location
anterior to inferior orbital fissure in the maxillary bone
53
contents of superior orbital fissure
V1, III, IV, VI
| ophthalmic vein
54
fossa for lacrimal sac location
in the lacrimal bone (medial)
55
contents of infraorbital groove
infraorbital artery and nerve
56
periorbita
lining of bones of optic cavity and is continuous with the dura through the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure
57
function of superior rectus
adduct
elevate
medial rotate
58
function of medial rectus
adduct
59
function of inferior rectus
adduct
depress
lateral rotate
60
function of inferior oblique
abduct
elevate
lateral rotate
61
function lateral rectus
abduction
62
function superior oblique
abduct
depress
medial rotate
63
function levator palprebrae
elevate eye lid
64
what attaches at the common tendinous ring
rectus muscles
65
attachment of superior oblique
body of sphenoid, goes through trochlea to attach to the lateral eyeball
66
attachment of inferior oblique
floor of orbit
67
origin of oculomotor nerve
midbraine
visceral efferent- Edinger westfall nucleus
somatic efferent- occulomotor nucleus
68
path of oculomotor nerve
passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
crosses dura lateral to diaphragma stella
along lateral and superior cavernous sinus to enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure
69
inferior branches of oculomotor nerve
infeiror oblique, medial rectus, inferior rectus
70
superior branches of oculomotor nerve
supeiror rectus, levator palprebrae
71
3 components forming ciliary nerve
GVE part of oculomotor
sympathetics
CN V1
72
parasympathetic role of CN III
pupillary light reflex
consensual pupillary reflex
lens accomodation
73
pupillary light reflex
constrict pupil in response to light
74
consensual pupillary reflex
shine light in one eye and the other constructs with it
75
lense accomodation
relaxation of ciliary body via contraction of ciliary muscles for near vision
76
path of parasympathetic branch of CN III
synapses on ciliary ganglion
| postsynaptic fibers go to ciliary body and pupillary sphincter via ciliary nerves
77
CN IV innervates
superior oblique
78
origin trochlear nerve
midbrain- trochlear nucleus
79
longest intracranial nerve path
trochlear nerve
80
path of trochlear nerve
in subarachnoid space
passes over the superior cerebellar artery to cross dura at the tantrum cerebella and then along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus to enter orbital at superior orbital fissure
81
origin of abducent nerve
pons- abducent nucleus
82
path of abducent nerve
comes out between the pons and medulla oblongata near the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
runs parallel to the basilar artery and goes through the dura near the cloves of the occipital bone
travels over the crest of petrous part of temporal and then inside the cavernous sinus with the internal carotid artery
83
longest intradural course nerve
abducent nerve
84
path of sympathetic nerves to eye
IML C8-T2--> sympathetic chain ganglion--> along internal carotid--> through ciliary ganglion--> short ciliary nerves to ciliary body and intraocular blood vessels and long ciliary nerve to dilator pupillae
85
pupil dilation
sympathetic
86
look up
CN III
SR
IO
87
look down
CN III and CN IV
IR
SO
88
lateral
III, IV, VI
SO
IO
LR
89
medial
III
MR
SR
IR
90
diagonal up and out
III VI
SR
LR
IO
91
diagonal up and in
III
SR
IO
MR
92
diagonal down and out
III IV VI
IR
SO
LR
93
diagonal down and in
III IV
IR
SO
MR
