Eye Pathology Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
Forward displacement of the eye
A
Proptosis
2
Q
Most common primary tumor of the eye
A
Vascular tumors
3
Q
Tumors of the eye
Infancy and early childhood
A
- capillary hemangioma
- lymphangioma
4
Q
Tumors of the eye
Adults
A
Cavernous hemangioma
5
Q
Tumors of the eye
Primary malignancy
A
Rhabdomyosarcoma
6
Q
Tumors of the eye
Metastatic
A
Neuroblastoma
7
Q
Inflammation of the eyelid
A
Blepharitis
8
Q
- Lipogranuloma in the eyelid
- Obstruction of sebaceous ducts leading to granulomatous inflammation
A
Chalazion
9
Q
Most common malignancy in the eyelid
A
Basal cell carcinoma
10
Q
May mimic chalazion clinically
May metastasize
A
Sebaceous carcinoma
11
Q
Clamydia trachomatis (trachoma) has
A
Significant conjunctival scarring
12
Q
Has Delle
- saucer-like corneal depression due to focal dehydration
A
Pinguecula
vs Pterygium
- NO delle
- has corneal invasion
- Astigmatism
BOTH
- actinic (sun-induced) damage
- submucosal fibrovascular CT
13
Q
Saucer-like corneal depression due to focal dehydration seen in Pinguecula
A
Delle
14
Q
- Actinic damage
- has vidual problems (astigmatism)
- has corneal invasion
A
Pterygium
15
Q
Most common site of conjunctival lesions
A
Limbus
16
Q
Brown color of uvea appears blue
A
Optical Tyndall effect
17
Q
Blue sclerae seen in:
A
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- scleral ectasia (in increase IOP)
- congenital melanosis oculi
- nevus of Ota
18
Q
Necrotozing scleritis is associated with
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
19
Q
Main refractive surface of the eye
A
Cornea
20
Q
Distortion of the corneal contour
A
Astigmatism
21
Q
Granulomatous reaction in Descemet membrane
A
HSV
22
Q
Keratitis and ulcers
Notable organisms
A
- HSV
- VZV
- Acanthameoba (swimming pool)
23
Q
It accelerated dissolution of corneal stroma
A
Collagenase activation
24
Q
Collection of pus in anterior chamber
A
Hypopyon
25
Brown lens is due to
Urochrome deposition
26
Cataract causes
- systemic diseases (galactosemia, DM, Wilson disease, atopic dermatitis)
- corticosteroids
- radiation
- trauma
- electrical burns
- age-related (nuclear sclerosis)
27
Disease characterized by distinctive changes in the visual field and optic nerve cup
Glaucoma
28
Associated with increased IOP
Glaucoma
29
- NO trabecular meshwork access
- peripher zone of the iris ADHERES to the trabecular meshwork
- Acute
Angle - closure glaucoma
30
- THERE IS trabecular meshwork access
- INCREASE resistance to aqueous outflow in open angle of the anterior segment
- chronic
Open - Angle glaucoma
31
Minute anterior subcapsular opacitues
Glaukomflecken
32
Uveal tissue lining ectatic sclera
Staphyloma
33
Glaucoma morphology
- optic nerve atrophy and cupping
- glaucomflecken: minute anterior subcapsular opacities
- buphthalmos
- magalocornea
- staphyloma: uveal tissue lining ectatic sclera
34
Inflammation within the vitreous humor
Endophthalmitis
35
Inflammation involving retina, uvea, sclera, orbit
Panophthalmitis
36
Panophthalmitis affects:
- retina
- uvea
- sclera
- orbit
37
Uvea composed of:
CCI
- choroid
- ciliary body
- iris
38
Inflammation of the uvea
Uveitis
CCI
- choroid
- ciliary body
- iris
39
Most common intraocular malignancy of the uvea
Metastasis to uvea (choroid)
40
Most common primary intraocular malignancy ADULTS
Melanoma
41
Most common first evidence of metastasis of uveal melanoma
Liver
42
Retinal detachment that has FULL-thickness retinal defect
| - unclean viterous detachment tears the retina
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
43
- NO full-thickness retinal detachment
| - damaged the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and permits fluid to leak
Non-rhematogenous retinal detachment
44
Focal choroidal infarcts seen in HTN retinopathy
Elschnig pearls
45
Arteriolosclerosis in HTN retinopathy
Copper or silver wiring
46
These are axonal infarction with accumulation of mitochondria (cytoid bodies) in ends of damaged axons
Cotton-wool spots seen in HTN retinopathy
47
- Elschnig pearls
- copper or silver wiring
- cotton wool spots
hypertensive retinopathy
48
DM retinopathy
Nonproliferative vs Proliferative:
Neovascularization
Proliferative
49
DM retinopathy
Nonproliferative vs Proliferative:
- thickening of retinal blood vessels
- microaneurysms
- macular edema leading to exudates in outer plexiform layer (cotton-wool exudates)
Nonproliferative DM retinopathy
50
- This occurs in ISCHEMIA
- hollenhorst plaques
- CHERRY-RED SPOT in macula with retinal pallor
- ophthalmologic emergency
CRAO
| - central retinal artery occlusion
51
- may occur with or without ischemia
- retinal hemorrhages
- dilated tortuous retinal veins
- cotton-wool spots
- macular and optic disc edema
CRVO
| - central retinal vein occlusion
52
Fragments of atherosclerotic plaque lodge in retinal circularion seen in CRAO
Hollenhorst plaques
53
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Dry vs Wet:
Yellow deposists in Bruch membrane (drusen) and geographic RPE atrophy
Dry
54
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Dry vs Wet:
Choroidal neovascularization
Wet
55
- genetic disorder
- apoptosis of rods and cones
- waxy pallor of the optic disc
- accumulation of retinal pigment around blood vessels
Retinitis Pigmentosa
56
Accumulation of retinal pigment around blood vessels
Retinitis pigmentosa
57
Most common primary intraocular malignancy in children presenting with LEUKOCORIA
Retinoblastoma
58
Mutation seen in RETINOBLASTOMA
Rb gene
| - tumor suppressor gene
59
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes can be seen in:
Retinoblastoma
60
Tumor cells encirclinh a central lumen
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes
| - photoreceptor differentiation
61
Morphology of this
- small, round blue cells
- tumor cells encirclinh a central lumen (Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes)
Retinoblastoma
62
It involves RPE and neurosensory retina
Retinal Lymphoma
63
Most common type of retinal lymphoma
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
DLBCL
64
Optic nerve edema
Unilateral vs bilateral
Nerve compression
Unilateral
65
Optic nerve edema
Unilateral vs bilateral
Increased ICP
Bilateral (papilledema)
66
There is:
- separation of Bruch membrane and neurosensory retina
- blurred disc borders on funduscopy
Optic Nerve Edema
67
Loss of vision secondary to demyelination of the optic nerve
Optic Neuritis
68
Causes of Optic Neuritis:
- multiple sclerosis (most important)
- infection (Syphilis, Lyme disease, Herpes zoster)
- autoimmine (SLE)
- IBD
- drug-induced (Ethambutol, Chloramphenicol)
69
Drugs that cause optic neuritis
- ethambutol
| - chloramphenicol
70
Most important cause of Optic Neuritis
Multiple sclerosis
71
Infection that causes optic neuritis
- syphilis
- lyme disease
- herpes zoster
72
Most common primary optic nerve tumor (may cause axial proptosis)
- Pilocytic astrocytomas
| - Meningioma
73
End stage eye disease
Phtisis Bulbi
74
Atrophic eye with internal disorganization
Phthisis Bulbi / End stage eye disease
75
Histology of Phthisis Bulbi
- Ciliochoroid effusion
- cyclitic membrane
- osseous metaplasia
- hypotony
