(F) Lesson 14: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Miscellaneous Bacteria (Part 2) Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
- Also called atypical bacteria
- It has no definitive morphology since it has no cell wall
- It has a pleomorphic morphology
- They can assume any shape
- Classified as mollicutes because of their small appearance or size
- Resistant to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis including beta-lactam, cephalosporins
- Originally known as a pleuro-pneumonia-like organism (PPLO) since its most common species causes pneumonia
A
Mycoplasma
2
Q
- Previously known as Eaton Agent
- Frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis in children and young adults
- Disease produced is Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP) or Walking Pneumonia
A
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
3
Q
- Accompanied by dry cough (painful) instead of typical exudates associated with bacterial pneumonia
- Patients also appear normal or moderately ill even if the areas of the lungs are heavily infiltrated by the bacteria
- If not treated, common complications include hemolytic anemia, skin rash, meningitis (CNS), and temporary arthritis (bones)
A
Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP) or Walking Pneumonia
4
Q
- Community-acquired pneumonia: Mycoplasma
A
Community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis
5
Q
- Produces large fried egg colony
- Media: A7 or A8
- An important cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), post-abortal, and post-partum fever
A
Mycoplasma hominis
6
Q
- (+) urease
- Tiniest bacteria
- Causes non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)
- Media: A7 or A8
- Grows in broth medium, producing no haze in broth/turbidity
- Usually, (+) growth in broth medium = turbidity, due to its small size, its growth is not enough to produce turbidity in a broth medium
A
Ureaplasma urealyticum
7
Q
Culture media for Mycoplasma spp?
A
- E Agar
- Shepard’s medium
- A7B medium
- Edward Hayflick Agar
8
Q
- 3 common tests to differentiate the three Mycoplasma bacteria
A
- Glucose fermentation
- Arginine
- Urease
9
Q
Match the bacteria to their positive test.
- Glucose fermentation
- Arginine Test
- Urease Test
A. M. pneumoniae
B. M. hominis
C. U. urealyticum
A
- A
- B
- C
10
Q
- Formerly konwn as Bedsonia
- Now known as Chlamydophila
- Obligate intracellular organism
- G(-)-like cell wall with DNA & RNA
- Susceptible to a variety of antibiotics
A
Chlamydia
11
Q
Life Cycle of Chlamydia
- ____ (infective stage) are the ones that infect the cells
- It enters the cytoplasm where it transforms into reticulate bodies
A
Elementary bodies
12
Q
Life Cycle of Chlamydia
- ____ cause cell lysis
- These bodies replicate and will later transform back into elementary bodies
- The cell lysis will release the elementary and reticulate bodies
- Only the elementary bodies have the ability to do art
A
Reticulate bodies
13
Q
- Agent of Psittacosis
- Agent of ornithosis
- MOT: inhalation of contaminated aerosols or fomites through person-to-person transmission
- 1-2 weeks incubation then chills, fever, and malaise appear
- **Levinthal Cole Lillie **
- Resistant to sulfonamide
A
Chlamydophila psittaci
14
Q
Chlamydophila psittaci
- Disease of Psittacine birds (amphibians): parrots, parakeets, and cockatoos
A
Psittacosis
15
Q
Chlamydophila psittaci
- Carried by other birds: turkey, pigeon, chicken
A
Ornithosis
16
Q
Chlamydophila psittaci
- Characteristic inclusion body
- A non-glycogen inclusion body
- Observed after staining using Giemsa or Iodine
A
Levinthal Cole Lillie
17
Q
- Associated with mild respiratory infection
- Believed to be spread from human to human without an animal reservoir
- Also called Twar
- Attributed to the first two strains isolated which are both C. pneumoniae that differ in gene sequencing
- Associated with Gullaine-Barre Syndrome
- (+) growth on HRE-2-cell
A
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
18
Q
Two strains of C. pneumoniae
- From eye of a control child in trachoma vaccine in Taiwan
- 1965
A
TW183
19
Q
Two strains of C. pneumoniae
- From throat with pharyngitis
- 1965
A
AR39
20
Q
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Called Tric agent → Trachoma with inclusion conjunctivitis
- Causes trachoma → world’s leading cause of blindness
- Begins as conjunctivitis which persists for months to years (should be treated immediately)
- Infection spreads to the cornea
- Conjunctival scarring and corneal vascularization leading to blindness
- MOT: close contact with infected individuals
A
Serotypes A, B, BA, C
21
Q
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Associated to diseases with sexual or venerela routes
- Neonatal pneumonitis and inclusion conjunctivitis
A
Serotypes D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K
22
Q
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Associated with lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV) or buboes
- MOT: venereal route
- Initial lesion: small, painless genital ulcer that may be unnoticed and spontaneously fatal
- Serologically detected using Frei Test
- There is delayed hypersensitivity test to LGC that uses purified LGC antigen
A
Serotypes L1, L2, L3
23
Q
Laboratory Diagnosis
- McCoy cells → cell lines used
- Halberstaedler-Prowazek bodies
- Glycogen inclusion bodies
- (differentiates it from Levinthal Cole Lillie)
- Sensitive to sulfonamides
A
Culture in Cell Lines
24
Q
- G(-) obligate intracellular bacteria
- Hard to G/S (not preferred)
- All are transmitted thru vectors except Coxiella (which are transmission via aerosols as well)
- All cannot survive outside cell/host, except Coxiella
- Coxiella is flexible
- All require tissue culture except Rochalemia (Bartonella) quintana
- Divided into 3 groups, but all present characteristic fever with rashes
A
Rickettsiae
25
Please study the table for Rickettsiae <3
Inaantok na aq guys pls it's 2:37 am
26
# Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae
Using chicken embryo or HeLa or Vero cell line
Culture in Tissue Culture Media
27
# Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae
Characteristic fox-like lesion of Rickettsia
Eshcar
28
# Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae
* Presumptive only, lacks specificity
* Weil-Felix Reaction detects Ab from rickettsial infection that agglutinates Ag from: (P. mirabilis → OX-K) and (P. vulgaris → OX-2 and OX–19)
* Reagents are added to the serum and find agglutination
* (+) presence of agglutination
Serological Events
29
# Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae
Gold standard for Rickettsiae infection
Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody (IFA)
30
# Laboratory Diagnosis in Rickettsiae
* May pattern, di pwedeng isa lang ang gagamitin mo
* Includes: OX-19, OX-2, OX-K
Weil-Felix
31
Paki-aral din yung Weil-Felix for Rickettsia hehe.
Time Check: 2:40 AM
32
* (-) oxidase, catalase
* Causes **bacterial vaginosis**
* **Cytological examination:** G/S, PAPS, wet mount
* (+) **clue cells** → vaginal EC with gram-variable rod/cocci
* (+) **fishy amine odor** after adding 10% KOH to sample
* **Media**: Human blood Tween 80 Agar (HBTA) (Type O blood) and V-Agar
* SPS sensitive
* **Treatment**: Metronidazole
Gardnerella vaginalis
33
* Capsulated and non-motile
* Giemsa stain shows
* Safety-pin appearance w/ Donovan bodies → macrophages w/ G(-) rod
* Causes granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)
Calymmatobacterium (Klebsiella) granulomatis
34
* Actinobacillus is its old genus
* Aggregatibacter → current
* Star-like colony
* Causes subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
* Included in the HACEK group
* G/S
* Appears as dots and dashes of Morse code
Actinobacillus or Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans
35
* Produces L-forms under the microscope
* Has a defective cell wall
* Causes rat bite fever and Haverhill disease
* Rat bite fever can also be caused by Spirillum minor/minus and it is specifically called sudoku fever
* Liquid/Broth medium: String of beads-like (pearls) and fluff ball appearance
* Colony in Heart Infusion Agar: Fried egg colony
* SPS sensitive
Streptobacillus monoliformis
36
* Opportunistic and is found in the environment
* Can cause water contamination
* Violacein pigment produces violet-colored colonies
* Highly diagnostic and almost confirmatory since it is the sole violet bacteria
* Quorum Sensing Standard
* Inhibiting its pathogenicity by inhibiting its virulence factors, so that it won’t cause infections especially during research
Chromobacterium violaceum
37
* Causes SBE
* G/S: Tear-drop shaped and forms rosette-like structure
Cardiobacterium hominis
38
* Characteristic gliding-like motility
* Causes periodontal disease since it is a normal oral flora
* A fusiform rod bacilli with pointed end
* (+) nitrite, esculin hydrolysis
* (-) oxidase, catalase
Capnocytophaga spp.
39
* Major cause of cat scratch disease
* Can also be caused by: B. clarridgei (no endocarditis, may be present in others) OR B. elizabethiae
* Also a cause of bacillary ongiomatosis
* Obserevd using Warthin Starry Silver Impregnation
Bartonella henselae
40
* Destroys RBCs, causing a hemolytic type of anemia
* Vector: sandfly
* Causes: Carrion’s disease, Verruga peruana, Oroya fever
Bartonella bacilliformis
41
* (+) oxidase, catalse
* Short, G(-) rods, aerobic, non-motile
* Requires L-cysteine and iron for growth
* Causes pontiac fever
* Can be recovered from air conditioning and water cooling system
* Needs a cold environment for transport and storage
* Diagnosis: Direct fluorescence assay (DFA)
* Culture: BCYE produces a blue-green colony with a cut-glass appearance OR Feeley-Gorman Medium produces a brown colony
* Stain: Deiterle Silver Stain = black
Legionella pneumophila
42
* G(+) rod, motile at RT
* Has a tumbling motility in broth
* Beta-hemolytic on SBAP
* Requires cold enrichment at 40C
* (+) McBride
* (+) Anton’s Test
* (+) AMP Test + S. aureus
Listeria monocytogenes
43
* G(+) rod, non-motile,
* (+) H2S
* (-) catalase
* Broth: test tube brush-like or bottle-brush-like pipe cleaner growth
* Causes Erysipiloid or Butcher’s Cut or Diamond Cut
Erysiphilothrix rhusiophatiae
44
* G(+) actinomycete or bacilli
* Not cultured, do cytogenetic analysis
* One of the bacteria we subject to cytogenetic analysis
* Causes Whipple’s Disease
* Observe using
* Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) in its vacuoles, macrophages
* Diagnosis
* PCR amplification of bowel or brain biopsy
Tropheryma whipplei
