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Clinical Bacteriology > (M) Lesson 7.4: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Cocci > Flashcards

(M) Lesson 7.4: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

Gram-Negative Cocci (55 cards)

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1
Q
  • Usually in pairs or in singly
  • Genera (included in the exceptions for Gram positive cocci bacteria - Neisseria, Moraxella, Veilonella)
A

Gram-Negative Cocci

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2
Q
  • G(-) diplococci w/ flattened sides
  • Oxidase (+)
  • Glucose (+)
A

Neisseria

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3
Q

Two medically important Neisseria genera?

A
  1. N. meningitidis
  2. N. gonorrhoeae
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4
Q

How are the Neisseria genera differentiated?

A

Carbohydrate fermentation assay

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5
Q

Study the Meningitidis and Gonorrhoeae table

A

GO BROOO

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6
Q
  • G(-) kidney bean-shaped diplococci
  • Large capsule
  • Grows on CAP and BAP in 5-10% CO2
  • Ferments maltose
  • Oxidase (+)
  • 13 serogroups: A, B, C, D, 29E, H, I, K, L, X, Y, Z, W-135
A

Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)

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7
Q

One important thing to know when you are using CAP or even BAP if you are growing N. meningitidis, you need to grow them in a?

A

Candle jar

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8
Q

Reservoir for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Human nasopharyngeal area

Less than or equal to 5% are carriers which are asymptomatic

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9
Q

Transmission for Neisseria meningitidis?

A
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Oropharyngeal colonization
  • Spread to the meninges via the bloodstream
  • Disease occurs only in small percent of colonized individuals
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10
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

Most important

A

Polysaccharide capsule

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11
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

For oropharynx colonization

A

IgA protease

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12
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

Causes fever, septic shock in meningococcemia, overproduction of outer membrane

A

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides [LPS])

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13
Q

Identify the pathogenesis (N. meningitidis)

To colonize and invade

A

Pili and outer membrane proteins

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14
Q

Predisposing factors of N. meningitidis

A

Deficiency in late complement components (C5 to 8) predisposes of bacteremia

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15
Q

N. meningitidis

Infected patient experiences fever, vomiting, rashes, body pain

A

Meningitis

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16
Q

N. meningitidis

Happens if only meningococcus spreads in larger numbers reaching the bloodstream, even causing hematoma

A

Meningococcemia

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17
Q

Most severe form of meningococcemia

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

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18
Q

Specimen for lab diagnosis of N. meningitidis?

A
  1. Blood for culture
  2. CSF smear hen culture
  3. Petechial aspirate
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19
Q

T or F: N. meningitidis is gram negative cocci is on CSF smear

A

T

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20
Q

N. meningitidis is confirmed using what test?

A

Carbohydrate fermentation test

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21
Q

Treatment for N. meningitidis?

A
  • Penincillin G
  • Cetfriaxione
  • Beta-lactamase production
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22
Q

Prevention for N. meningitidis?

A

Vaccine for capsular polysaccharides of strains: A, C, Y, W-135

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23
Q

Prophylaxis for N. meningitidis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Rifampicin
  • Ciprofloxacin
24
Q
  • Gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci
  • Sensitive to drying and cold
Study These Flashcards
A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

25
Reservoir for N. gonnorhoeae?
Human genital tract
26
Transmission for N. gonorrhoeae?
* Sexual contact * Birth
27
# Identify the pathogenesis (N. gonorrhoeae) * Attachment to mucosal surfaces * Inhibits phagocytic uptake * Antigenic (immunogenic) variation * Most important
Pili
28
# Identify the outer membrane protein. * Structural, antigen for serotyping
OMP 1
29
* Opacity * Antigenic variation, adherence
OPA proteins
30
* For colonization and cellular uptake
IgA protease
31
# N. gonorrhoeae Infection of the urethra
Urethritis ## Footnote Can also have proctitis
32
# N. gonorrhoeae What are the female diseases for this bacteria?
1. Endocervicitis 2. PID 3. Arthritis 4. Proctitis
33
# N. gonorrhoeae Infant disease for during birth
Ophthalmia
34
Laboratory diagnosis specimen for N. gonorrhoeae?
1. Discharge from GUT, rectal mucosa, throat/oropharynx 2. Skin lesions 3. Eye or conjunctival discharge 4. Synovial fluid
35
Hai, study the collection for N. gonorrhoeae mwa.
GO BEBIII
36
The gram-staining presumptive for N. gonorrhoeae?
* Gram-negative intracellular diplococci * Oxidase test
37
Gold standard for diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae
Culture
38
# Types of Culture Small, bright refractive colonies, typical of fresh isolates from gonorrrhoeae (+) fimbriae or pili
T1 and T2
39
# Types of Culture Larger, flatter, non-reflecting; no fimbriae or pili
T3, T4 and T5
40
# Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci * By adding inhibitory agents to create the selective medium for certain or suppressed organisms
Modified CAP
41
# Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci * CAP + vancomycin, colistin, nystatin * The agents suppress the ff respectively: G(+), G(-), yeast * Allows only Neisseria
Thayer-Martin
42
# Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci * Thayer-Martin + Trimethoprim (inhibits swarming of Proteus spp.) * It is highly motile
Modifed Thayer-Martin
43
# Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci Also a modified Thayer-Martin but with Anisomycin (inhibits fungi) instead of nystatin (inhibits yeast)
Martin-Lewis
44
# Media Used for Gram Negative Cocci Like NYC, but with added lincomycin for G(+)
GC-Lect
45
Treatments for N. gonorrhoeae
* Ceftriaxone * Tetracycline (Chlamydia) * Plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (produces high level penicillin resistance)
46
Prevention for N. gonorrhoeae in adults?
* Abstinence * Be faithful/careful * Condom
47
Prevention for N. gonorrhoeae neonatal?
* 0.5% erythromycin ointment * 1.0% tetracycline ointment * 1.0% silver nitrate drops
48
* G(-) diplococcus * Close relative of Neisseriae * Normal URT flora * 2nd causative agent of Otitis media * Colony on CAP: hockey pock-like or wagon-wheel-like
Moraxella catarrhalis
49
The only disease for M. catarrhalis
Bronchitis and brochopneumnia in elderly with COPD
50
* The only pathogenesis for M. catarrhalis * By most strains * Causing drug resistance
Beta-lactamase
51
Positive biochemical tests for M. catarrhalis?
* Beta-lactamase (+) * DNAse (+) * Nitrate reduction (+) * Butyrate disk (+)
52
53
54
____ is asacharrolytic compared to Neisseria
Moraxella
55
What does asacharrolytic mean?
No sugar fermented

Clinical Bacteriology (33 decks)

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