FA 2016 279-284

Question 1

Where is ANP released from?

Answer 1

Atrial Myocytes

Question 2

What is the function of Atrial Naturetic Peptide

Answer 2

constrict the efferent arterioles and dilate affrerent arterioles promoting dieresis in response to increase BP

Question 3

What contributes to Aldosterone Escape Mechanism?

Answer 3

ANP

Question 4

what is released from ventricular myocyte in response to increase tension?

Answer 4

BNP

Question 5

what is used for diagnosing HF?

Answer 5

BNP (Very good negative predictive value)

Question 6

what is the recombinant form of BNP for treating HF?

Answer 6

Nesiritide.

Question 7

aortic arch receptors is transmitted via what nerve?

Answer 7

vagus

Question 8

carotid sinus receptors is transmitted via what nerve?

Answer 8

Glossophrangeal nerve

Question 9

What take the stimulus from CN9 & CN10 to the medulla?

Answer 9

Sensory Afferent Fibers

Question 10

what part of the medulla do the sensory afferent fibers take the stimulus to?

Answer 10

solitary nucleus of Tractus

Question 11

what is the triad of the cushing reaction?

Answer 11

Hypertension, bradycardia and respiratory depression

Question 12

In a chemoreceptor, what 3 things stimulates aortic arch and carotid sinus?

Answer 12

Inc 02, dec C02 AND dec pH (acidic)

Question 13

what part of the body does not directly respond to p02?

Answer 13

Brain

Question 14

Pulmonary Capillary pressure is a good estimator of

Answer 14

LAP

Question 15

Measured with a right heart Catheter?

Answer 15

PCWP

Question 16

PCWP>LVDP in what disease?

Answer 16

mitral stenosis

Question 17

what factors is responsible for Autoregulation in the heart?

Answer 17

Adenosine, NO, Co2 and dec 02

Question 18

What amino acid makes NO?

Answer 18

arginine

Question 19

what factor is responsible for auto regulation in the brain?

Answer 19

C02

Question 20

What factor is responsible for auto regulation in skeletal muscles

Answer 20

CHALK ( c02, H+, Adenosine, Lactate, K+)

Question 21

auto regulation in the skin

Answer 21

Sympathetic stimulation (most important) temp control

Question 22

what are the causes of EDEMA?

Answer 22

inc capillary pressure (e.g HF)
dec Plasma protein (e.g Nephrotic syndrome, liver failure & protein malnutrition)
inc capillary permeability (e.g toxins, infection & burns)
increase interstitial fluid colloid pressure (inc lymphatic blockage)

Question 23

what anomaly is due to the lack of the aorticopulmonary septum formation?

Answer 23

persistant truncus arteriosus

Question 24

patient with trunks arteriosus usually develop …..

Answer 24

VSD

Question 25

which of the following is not compatible with life unless a shunt is present?

Answer 25

transposition of the great vessels

Question 26

what anomaly is formed from the failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral?

Answer 26

Transposition of the great vessels.

Question 27

Without surgical intervention most infant die within few months of life

Answer 27

Transposition of Great vessels.

Question 28

Hypoplastic RV and require both ASD and VSD for viability?

Answer 28

Tricuspid atresia

Question 29

caused by anterior superior displacement of infundibular septum?

Answer 29

TOF

Question 30

Most common cause of Early Childhood cyanosis?

Answer 30

TOF

Question 31

what is the tetrad in TOF?

Answer 31

PROV(pulmonary stenosis(most important cause), RVH (boot shaped heart), Overriding of Aorta & VSD

Question 32

Improved by squatting

Answer 32

TOF

Question 33

most common cause of "tet Spells" caused by crying, fever and exercise

Answer 33

Pulmonary stenosis in TOF

Question 34

what anomaly is seen when pulmonary veins drains into right heart circulation and often associated with ASD & PDA to maintain Cardiac output.

Answer 34

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 35

displacement of the tricuspid valve downward into the RV is called? and caused by what drug?

Answer 35

Epstein anomaly & Lithium

Question 36

Epstein Anomaly is associated with 2 things, what are they?

Answer 36

tricuspid regurgitation & RHF

Question 37

"ATRIALIZING" the ventricle is associated with what disease?

Answer 37

Epstein Anomaly.

Question 38

Most common congenital Cardiac Defect?

Answer 38

VSD

Question 39

Associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 39

VSD

Question 40

Wide fixed split S2 and loud S1

Answer 40

ASD

Question 41

what is the most common type of ASD

Answer 41

Osmium secundumm defect

Question 42

Ostium Primum defect is associated with what?

Answer 42

Down syndrome

Question 43

continous machine like murmur

Answer 43

PDA, AV fistula

Question 44

what maintains the potency in PDA

Answer 44

low 02, prostaglandin

Question 45

what is Eisenmenger syndrome

Answer 45

uncorrected left to right shunt, inc pulmonary blood flow, RVH occurs to compensate, shunt bcomes R to L causing clubbing, late cyanosis, polycythemia

Question 46

Aortic Narrowing near insertion of ductus arterioles and turner syndrome

Answer 46

overriding of the aorta (infantile type)

Question 47

HTN in upper extremity & weak pulses in lower extremity

Answer 47

Coarctation of aorta (adult type)

Question 48

intercostal arteries enlarge due to collateral circulation & arteries eroding ribs

Answer 48

coarctation of aorta (adult)

Question 49

what are the complications of coarctation of aorta

Answer 49

HF, inc risk of cerebral hemorrhage (berry aneurysm), | aortic rupture and endocarditis

Question 50

what are the heart problems associated with alcohol exposure in utero

Answer 50

VSD, PDA, ASD, TOF

Question 51

what are the heart problem associated with rubella

Answer 51

PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis, septal defect

Question 52

Infant of diabetic mother

Answer 52

Transposition of great vessels

Question 53

margarin syndrome

Answer 53

MVP, thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation

Question 54

lithium exposure

Answer 54

Epstein anomaly

Question 55

Williams syndrom

Answer 55

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

Question 56

22q11 syndrome

Answer 56

trunks arteriousus TOF