FA Classic Findings-Labs Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
A
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida, (neural tube defects)
2
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
3
Q
Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
4
Q
Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
5
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug induced SLE (eg. hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
6
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumoatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
7
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
8
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosiniphilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA)
9
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
10
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
11
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
12
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
13
Q
Apple core lesions on barium enema x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)
14
Q
Atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
15
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)
16
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A);
17
Q
Bamboo spine on x ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
18
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
19
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
20
Q
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
21
Q
Boot shaped heart on x ray
A
Tetrology of Fallot (due to RVH)
22
Q
Branching gram (+) rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
23
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
24
Q
Brown tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
25
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)
26
Cellular crescents of Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
27
Chocolate cyst of ovary
Endometriosis (frequentyly involves both ovaries)
28
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
29
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CTFR gene -> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
30
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
31
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
32
Delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
33
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
34
Desquamated epithelium cases in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)
35
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
36
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
37
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
Pericardial tamponade
38
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
Owl eye appearance of CMV
39
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
Orphan Annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
40
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion of liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
41
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)
42
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (Viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis)
43
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
44
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
45
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owls eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin Lymphoma)
46
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
47
Hair on end (Crew cut) appearance on xray
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
48
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydratidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
49
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
50
Heterophilic antibodies
Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)
51
Hexagonal double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
52
High level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
53
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatosis lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (Primary TB, Mycobacterium bacilli)
54
Honeycomb lung on x ray or CT
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
55
Hypercoagulability (leading to DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas and lungs)
56
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; Folate deficiency: lack of neurologic symptoms)
57
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
58
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
59
Intranuclear eosinophil droplet-like bodies
Crowdy type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
60
Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: elevated chance of mesothelioma)
61
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
62
Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
63
Lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
64
Linear appearance on IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
65
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
66
Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)
67
Lytic punched out bone lesions on x ray
Multiple myeloma
68
Mammary gland, blue domed cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
69
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
70
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastic carcinoma)
71
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x ray
String sign (Crohn disease)
72
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
73
Needle shaped (-) birefringement crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
74
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
75
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: S. epidermis
76
Nutmeg apprearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
77
Onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing Sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
78
Optochin response
Sensitive: S. pneumoniae
79
Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
80
Polished ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
81
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
82
Psammona bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
83
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
84
Raised periosteum (creating a Codman triangle)
Aggressive bone lesion (eg. osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)
85
RBC casts in urine
Glomerulonephritis
86
Rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
87
Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
88
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Intrinsic renal failure (eg. ischemia or toxic injury)
89
Rhomboid crystals, (+) birefringement
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
90
Rib notching (inferior surface, on x rays)
Coarctation of the aorta
91
Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
92
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale/tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14 c-myc activation, associated with EBV; starry sky made up of malignant cells)
93
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
94
Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
95
Spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits
Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
96
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
97
Steeple sign on frontal CXR
Croup (parainfluenza virus)
98
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells (Gardenella vaginalis)
99
Streptococcus bovis bacteremia
Colon cancer
100
Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langherhans cells histiocytosis)
101
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
102
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
103
Thumb sign on lateral neck x ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
104
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infection)
105
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis
106
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
107
Elevated uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
108
Waxy casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end stage renal disease
109
WBC cases in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
110
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
111
Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
112
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (eg. due to subarachnoid hemorrhages)
